Bell’s inequality has been traditionally used to explore the relationship between hidden variables and the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics. In this paper, another use is found. Bell’s inequality is used to derive a coupling principle for elementary particles and to give a deeper understanding of baryonic structure. We also give a derivation of the Pauli exclusion principle from t...

We report a new finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) computational model of the lasing dynamics of a four-level two-electron atomic system. Transitions between the energy levels are governed by coupled rate equations and the Pauli Exclusion Principle. This approach is an advance relative to earlier FDTD models that did not include the pumping dynamics, or the Pauli Exclusion Principle. Further,...