The female brain appears selectively vulnerable to the neurotoxic effects of alcohol, but the reasons for this are unclear. One possibility is an exaggerated neuroimmune response in the female brain, such that alcohol increases microglia number and reactivity to subsequent stimuli, such as exercise. It is important to better characterize the interactive neural effects of alcohol and exercise, a...

When tested in isolation, stimuli associated with respiratory CO2 exchange, feedforward central command and type III-IV muscle afferent feedback have each been shown to be capable of eliciting exercise-like cardio-ventilatory responses, but their relative contributions in a setting of physiological exercise remains controversial. We reasoned that in order to determine whether any of these regul...

An instrument or instrumental variable manipulates a treatment and affects the outcome only indirectly through its manipulation of the treatment. For instance, encouragement to exercise might increase cardiovascular fitness, but only indirectly to the extent that it increases exercise. If instrument levels are randomly assigned to individuals, then the instrument may permit consistent estimatio...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical usefulness of complete preparticipation cardiovascular screening in a large cohort of sports participants. DESIGN Cross sectional study of data over a five year period. SETTING Institute of Sports Medicine in Florence, Italy. PARTICIPANTS 30,065 (23,570 men) people seeking to obtain clinical eligibility for competitive sports. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Res...

BACKGROUND Pregnancy is a good time to develop healthy lifestyle habits including regular exercise and good nutrition. Programs of physical exercise for pregnant women have been recommended; however, there are few references on this subject in the literature. The objective of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice of pregnant women with respect to appropriate physical e...

Although no amount of physical activity can stop the biological aging process, regular exercise can counteract some of the adverse physiological, psychological, and cognitive consequences of aging [1]. Age and physical inactivity are primary and secondary (indirect) risk factors for a long list of adverse chronic conditions [2, 3], whereas increasing physical activity from midlife to old age re...

Understanding factors that contribute to a student's selection of an exercise science-related major is important to student success, higher education and industry. This study sought to 1) better understand why undergraduate students study an exercise science-related major, 2) determine whether positive influences to study an exercise science-related major differ by academic classification, and ...

Apoptosis or programmed cell death is a process of fundamental importance for regulation of the immune response. Several reasons suggest that apoptosis is involved in exercise-induced alterations of the immune system such as postexercise lymphocytopenia. Healthy volunteers performed two treadmill exercise tests; the first was performed at 80% maximal oxygen uptake until exhaustion (exhaustive e...

ABSTRACT Introduction: Professional aerobic exercises require high performance from exercisers. Injuries are common during their execution. Understanding the causal reasons is essential for prevention methods to reduce athletes’ injuries. Objective: Investigate influential factors of ligament injuries caused by exercise. Methods: This paper analyzes exercise through mathematical statistics. Tim...

Objectives: Exercise tolerance test (ETT) is utilized for diagnostic and prognostic reasons in patients with chest pain suspected coronary artery disease (CAD). The main objective to know the nature of pain, either it cardiac or non-cardiac. By using exercise tool we can evaluate prevalence ischemic heart (IHD) pain.
 Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried among 572 male femal...