BACKGROUND The oral sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator fingolimod (FTY720) was recently approved for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. To date, data about a possible recurrence of disease activity after discontinuation of fingolimod treatment are scarce. OBJECTIVE To describe a patient who discontinued fingolimod treatment after a local malignant melanoma was di...

There is evidence that body fat is inversely associated with cognitive functioning in adults from the general population, and this has been associated with systemic inflammation. The association between body fat and cognition might further be augmented in the presence of an immune-mediated, inflammatory disease such as multiple sclerosis (MS). This cross-sectional study investigated the associa...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a humanized anti-interleukin-6 receptor antibody, tocilizumab (TCZ), in patients with neuromyelitis optica (NMO). METHODS Seven patients with anti-aquaporin-4 antibody (AQP4-Ab)-positive NMO or NMO spectrum disorders were recruited on the basis of their limited responsiveness to their current treatment. They were given a monthly injection of TC...

BACKGROUND Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene encodes an important protein in reforming injuries of central nervous system (CNS). It is assumed that various ApoE alleles may be functionally different. The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution of ApoE genotypes in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients in a small cohort of Iranians. METHODS In this case-control study, blood samples of ...

Although our understanding of multiple sclerosis (MS) has grown exponentially in the past century and a half, there is still some divergence between physicians' perceptions of effects of MS on patients and those of the patients themselves. This article examines current practices in MS assessment and clinical trial design, highlighting certain deficiencies associated with commonly used measureme...

BACKGROUND Daclizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody specific for the interleukin 2 receptor α chain, reduces clinical and magnetic resonance imaging disease activity in patients with adult-onset multiple sclerosis (MS) as monotherapy or add-on therapy with interferon. OBJECTIVE To report the use of daclizumab in pediatric-onset MS. DESIGN Case series. SETTING Two comprehensive pediatri...

OBJECTIVE This study was planned to investigate the efficacy of neuromuscular rehabilitation and Johnstone Pressure Splints in the patients who had ataxic multiple sclerosis. METHODS Twenty-six outpatients with multiple sclerosis were the subjects of the study. The control group (n = 13) was given neuromuscular rehabilitation, whereas the study group (n = 13) was treated with Johnstone Pressu...

background: mesenchymal stem cells (mscs) with their potential to differentiate into mesodermal and non-mesodermal lineages have several immunomodulatory characteris-tics. these properties make them promising tools in cell and gene therapy. objective: to evaluate the potential therapeutic applications of autologous msc in improving clinical manifestations of ms patients. methods: ten patients w...

BACKGROUND In this study, we aimed to determine whether neutrophil / lymphocyte ratio (NLR), obtained by dividing the number of neutrophils lymphocytes, and uric acid (UA) levels in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients vary compared with healthy controls establish correlations among these changes themselves as well between such MS subtypes, immunomodulatory drug use, duration disease prognosis. MET...