Multiple Sclerosisis (MS) is a common demylinating disease of CNS that inflammation and stress oxidative processes have an important role in clinical courses and progression of it. Suppressing the antigen-presenting capacity of glial cells seems a convinient way of reducing inflammatory activity in MS. The aim of the present study was to determine the anti-inflamatory effects of Melatonin on fa...

BACKGROUND For persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) it is important to preserve their autonomy, in spite of increasing disability. A major factor mediating autonomy is self-efficacy. According to the social cognitive theory stressors are crucial determinants of self-efficacy, as well as the interaction with partners. METHODS In an explorative observational study we assessed in 47 persons with...

OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to investigate the coping strategies, mood characteristics and the association between these aspects in patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis and healthy subjects. METHOD Fifty consecutive patients who were diagnosed with multiple sclerosis according to McDonald criteria and thirty-one healthy subjects were included in the study. In addition to ...

INTRODUCTION Sexual dysfunction (SD) is prevalent in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and affects quality of life. Furthermore, lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) is common in MS patients. AIMS This study aims to evaluate the relationship between SD, neurological disability, depression, anxiety, and urodynamic alterations in patients with MS and LUTD. METHODS From January 2011 to Septem...

BACKGROUND Emerging data suggest a significantly increased prevalence of low bone mineral density (BMD) in men and women with multiple sclerosis (MS) compared to age matched controls. This study was performed to evaluate bone mineral mass in patients with MS in comparison to healthy age-and sex matched controls and to determine association of glucocorticoid use or ambulation ability with changi...

we aimed to compare the therapeutic effect of avonex (av), betaferon (be) & rebif (re) on the expanded disability status scale (edss) in multiple sclerosis (ms). ninety patients referring to farshchian hospital were entered in this study. the patients were divided into three equal groups: group 1 received av, group 2 received re and group 3 received be, and after 24 months, comparison was done ...

Methods: In this quasi experimental and interventional study a sample of 20 MS patients (mean age: 36.75 years) with Expanded Disability Status Scale scores (EDSS) 1.0 to 4.0 were randomly assigned to a ‘pharmacologic treatment’ (Ph) group and a combination group of ‘pharmacologic treatment& treadmill training’ (PhTT). All these individuals used the drugs of choice ‘Rebif’ and ‘Avonex’. The int...

OBJECTIVE To provide a multidimensional characterization of fatigue in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). DESIGN Cross-sectional design. Fifty patients with clinically definite MS were compared on the dimensions of fatigue with 51 patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and 53 healthy subjects. RESULTS Fourty-six percent of the patients with MS reported fatigue to be present at lea...

Background: Gait disability in patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) or primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) rarely improves. Primary study objective: This article reports on a case series of patients with SPMS and PPMS who were treated using neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES), a well-tolerated physical therapy (PT) treatment modality used to aid muscul...

OBJECTIVE We tested the hypothesis that olfactory function is more impaired in patients with primary progressive MS (PPMS) than that in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS). METHODS Standardized olfactory testing was performed in 32 patients with PPMS, 32 patients with RRMS, and 32 healthy controls (HCs). Patients with olfactory dysfunction due to an alternative primary etiology were excluded. The v...