Abstract The exact calculations of the stress and strain distributions based on controlling equations for a forming process with large deformation are often difficult. To circumvent such difficulties, some analytical methods upper-bound analysis slip-line field theory have been established by making number simplifying assumptions regarding material properties modes. In this work an model was su...

High specific strength of the material is critical for many structural applications in automotive and aerospace design. Among many other approaches for strengthening the materials, development of superfine and nano grained microstructure is becoming popular. Different techniques for producing ultra-fine-grained (UFG) materials have been introduced especially in the last decade. The advantages o...