This study addresses the longitudinal associations between youths' out-of-school activities, expectancies-values, and high school course enrollment in the domains of math and science. Data were collected on 227 youth who reported on their activity participation in 5th grade, expectancies-values in 6th and 10th grade, and courses taken throughout high school. Math and science course grades at 5t...

OBJECTIVE Examine the associations between caregiver health literacy (HL) and smoking-related outcome expectancies, implementation of home/car smoking bans (H/CSBs), and child secondhand smoke exposure (SHSe). METHODS Caregivers of Head Start children residing with a smoker(s) completed measures assessing HL, outcome expectancies, and H/CSB implementation. Biomarkers of child SHSe included ho...

This research examined the role of movie portrayals of smoking as well as peer, parent, and sibling smoking as predictors of intentions to smoke and smoking behavior in adolescents. Structural equation modeling was used to assess the fit of a model that proposes that identification with smokers, normative beliefs about smoking, and positive expectations about smoking are mediators of the associ...

A review of life expectancies of males in 1905, 1955, and 2005 reveals several striking findings. Life expectancies at birth have increased progressively during this 100-y period. For a man graduating in 1905, life expectancy at graduation was actually greater than that at birth. Blacks living into their 70s at that time subsequently had life expectancies that were actually greater than those o...

In conflict tasks, congruency effects are modulated by the sequence of preceding trials. This modulation has been interpreted as a strategic reconfiguration of cognitive control, depending on the amount of conflict encountered on the very last trial, and occurring unconditionally whenever there is time to produce it (Notebaert et al., 2006). Jiménez and Méndez (2013) arranged a 4-choice Stroop ...

This study compared smokers' expectancies for the full act of smoking with those for nicotine per se by means of a word association task. Smokers (N = 201) were randomized to receive instructions to complete either "Smoking makes one ____." or "Nicotine makes one ____." with as many words as possible within 30 s. Results indicated that smokers held similar expectancies for smoking and nicotine;...

Abstract Introduction The use of recreational substances in a sexual context (sex-linked substance use) is common among young adults, with up to third indicating that they used alcohol, cannabis, or both during their recent partnered activity (Willis et al., 2021; Herbenick 2018). Sex-linked (SLSU) associated variety positive and negative clinical outcomes including increased pleasure, but also...

The purpose of this study was to determine the environmental stability and life expectancies of magnetic media used with certain high density, digital recording tape systems, specifically the IBM 3590 and both Quantum’s Digital Linear Tape (DLT) and Super DLT products. The goal of the study was to compare the tape stabilities and life expectancies of the corresponding tape media and tape storag...

This study examined the independent and interactive effects of acute alcohol consumption, perceived alcohol consumption of a female confederate, and distal alcohol expectancies of intoxicated women, on sexual aggression. Participants were a diverse community sample (54% African-American) of heterosexual males (N = 156) between 21 and 35 years of age who were recruited to complete the study with...