‘‘And then one day I walked down the street and I realized that I felt like a minority. I felt like I was an English-speaking part of a group of Montreal and Quebec and that I was actually a minority. And it was the strangest feeling to be inside Canada that’s English, but inside Quebec that’s French. Inside Montreal or this area in English, and still be a minority inside of a majority.’’ (QEC/...

Computed tomography fluoroscopy (CTF) is a useful imaging technique to guide biopsies, particularly lung biopsies, but it also has the potential for very high hand exposures, despite use of quick-check method and needle holders whenever feasible. Therefore, reliable monitoring is crucial to ensure the safe use of CTF. This is a challenge, because ring dosimeters monitor exposure only at the bas...

Willett (1925) first published his account of the treatment of placenta praevia byscalp forceps and weight traction, in 1925. He describes the treatment of seven cases by means of a modification of de Martell's surgical scalp forceps?the modification being the increase in length of the handles to inches. His two resident medical officers assured him that they found the method both easy and quic...

Formal methods are system design techniques based on rigorous mathematical models to build software systems. Our aim in this paper is to define formal specifications of cloud systems and offer analysis support to formally model check their inherent properties. Hence, we define a formal semantic framework, based on Bigraphical Reactive Systems (BRS), for specifying cloud architectures and their ...

Fault-tolerant quantum error correction (QEC) is crucial for unlocking the true power of computers. QEC codes use multiple physical qubits to encode a logical qubit, which protected against errors at qubit level. Here we trapped ion system experimentally prepare $m$-qubit GHZ states and sample measurement results construct $m\times m$ $[[m^2,1,m]]$ Shor code, up $m=7$. The synthetic fidelity sh...

If a quantum computer is stabilized by fault-tolerant quantum error correction (QEC), then most of its resources (qubits and operations) are dedicated to the extraction of error information. Analysis of this process leads to a set of central requirements for candidate computing devices, in addition to the basic ones of stable qubits and controllable gates and measurements. The logical structure...

Quantum Error Correction (QEC) is an important technique for protecting quantum information against decoherence and errors. This involves the design implementation of algorithms techniques to minimize error rates increase stability circuits. One key parameters in QEC distance error- correcting code, which determines number errors that can be corrected. Another parameter probability, quantifies ...

Measurement-based (or one-way) quantum error correction (MBQEC) is a method with the capability to detect and correct any errors present in a measurement-based quantum computation (MBQC) setup [1]. There are a variety of methods and protocols we can use to perform QEC, although few that have been successfully implemented experimentally [2, 3]. An MBQC protocol requires a resource state and will...