Mixed Poisson regression models, a class of generalized linear mixed models, are commonly used to analyze count data that exhibit overdispersion. Because inference for these models can be computationally difficult, simplifying distributional assumptions are often made. We consider an influence function representing effects of infinitesimal perturbations of the mixing distribution. This function...

The assessment presented in the core paper of this debate by Schafer and Kegley does not adequately describe the computational methodology or sources of data that were used to estimate exposures. While it is difficult to determine from the article, the exposure estimates seem to be very dependent on action levels, rather than on empirically derived data. There is no adequate presentation of ana...

Leucomalachite green (LMG) is mutagenic and produces DNA-adducts in vivo, and is carcinogenic in rodent bioassays. Dose-response modelling of the data for hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas in female mice gave a BMDL10 of 20 mg/kg-bw/day. Limited data are available on the concentrations present in fish for human consumption. Human exposure estimates assumed that all consumed fish is contami...

BACKGROUND Carbofuran is a carbamate insecticide that inhibits AChE. Although toxic by ingestion in mammals, it has low dermal toxicity, with relatively few confirmed worker illnesses. This risk assessment describes its time of onset, time to peak effect and time to recovery in rats using brain AChE inhibition in acute and 21 day dermal studies; in vitro rat/human relative dermal absorption for...