External apical root resorption (EARR) is an unavoidable pathologic consequence of orthodontic tooth movement. It can be defined as an iatrogenic disorder that unpredictably occurs after orthodontic treatment, whereby the resorbed apical root portion is replaced with normal bone. EARR is a sterile inflammatory process that is extremely complex and involves various disparate components, includin...

the aim of this study was to report the endodontic management of right maxillary central incisor having two canals with vertucci canal configuration type iv . internal morphology of root canals is variable and often complex. therefore, to achieve a technically satisfactory endodontic outcome, the clinician must have adequate knowledge of the internal canal morphology and its variations in order...

Objectives: This study was aimed to evaluate external apical root resorption of the maxillary first permanent molars following cervical traction headgear during orthodontic treatment of Class II division 1 patients. Methods: Thirty-eight patients with Angle's class II division 1 malocclusion with a mean age of 13.4 (1.5) years were selected and divided into two groups. Headgear group comprised...