Voltage-dependent channel block by external Mg2+ (Mg2+(o)) of NMDA receptors is an essential determinant of synaptic function. The resulting Mg2+(o) inhibition of NMDA responses depends strongly on receptor subunit composition: NR1/2A and NR1/2B receptors are more strongly inhibited by Mg2+(o) than are NR1/2C or NR1/2D receptors. Previous work showed that permeant ions have profound effects on ...

Two morphologically distinct types of horizontal cell have been identified in the all-rod skate retina by light- and electron-microscopy as well as after isolation by enzymatic dissociation. The external horizontal cell is more distally positioned in the retina and has a much larger cell body than does the internal horizontal cell. However, both external and internal horizontal cells extend pro...

We studied the local voltage drop in functionalized graphene sheets of subμm size under external bias conditions by Kelvin probe force microscopy. Using this noninvasive experimental approach, we measured ohmic current-voltage characteristics and an intrinsic conductivity of about 3.7 × 10(5) S/m corresponding to a sheet resistance of 2.7 kΩ/sq under ambient conditions for graphene produced via...