generating stations, distribution lines, high voltage (HV) lines, and electric appliances. Increased speed of urbanization and per capita increase in the utilization of electricity is forcing all kinds of living bodies to be exposed to electromagnetic environment created by man-made sources. To meet the increased demands, electric power generation, distribution, and transmission networks are al...

Fracture-healing is a highly complex and timely orchestrated process. Non-healing fractures are still major clinical problem treatment remains difficult. A 16 Hz extremely low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic field (ELF-PEMF) was identified as non-invasive adjunct therapy supporting bone-healing by inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) Ca2+-influx. However, ROS Ca2+-influx may stimulate neutro...