Following the initial, sensory response to stimulus presentation, activity in many saccade-related burst neurons along the oculomotor neuraxis is observed as a gradually increasing low-frequency discharge hypothesized to encode both timing and metrics of the impending eye movement. When the activity reaches an activation threshold level, these cells discharge a high-frequency burst, inhibit the...

Previous research indicates that abnormal stereotyped movements are associated with central dopamine dysfunction and that eye-blink rate is a noninvasive, in vivo measure of dopamine function. We measured the spontaneous eye-blinking and stereotyped behavior of older adults with severe/profound mental retardation living in a state mental retardation facility. Analyses revealed that the mean eye...

A virtual reality (VR)-based system for evaluating facial emotion recognition ability of teenagers with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is presented. This system is integrated with a non-contact eye tracker that allows investigation of eye gaze and eye physiological indices (e.g., blink rate) of the participants while they seek to identify the emotion displayed by the avatars in the VR environm...

Primary dystonia is thought to be a disorder of the basal ganglia because the symptoms resemble those of patients who have anatomical lesions in the same regions of the brain (secondary dystonia). However, these two groups of patients respond differently to therapy suggesting differences in pathophysiological mechanisms. Pathophysiological deficits in primary dystonia are well characterized and...

The purpose of blinks is to keep the eyes hydrated and to protect them. Blinks are rarely noticed by the subject as blink-induced alterations of visual input are blanked out without jeopardizing the perception of visual continuity, features blinks share with saccades. Although not perceived, the blink-induced disconnection from the visual environment leads to a loss of information. Therefore th...

Automatic non-obtrusive deception detection is highly desirable because of its objectivity, accuracy and reliability. Eye blinking has been shown to be one of the informative nonverbal behavioural cues for solving this problem. Traditional blink recognition methods tend to use a tracker to extract static eye region images and classify those images as open and closed eyes to detect blinks. Howev...

Non-intrusive, real-time analysis of the dynamics eye region allows us to monitor humans' visual attention allocation and estimate their mental state during performance real-world tasks, which can potentially benefit a wide range human-computer interaction (HCI) applications. While commercial eye-tracking devices have been frequently employed, difficulty customizing these places unnecessary con...

OBJECTIVE The role of visual cortex in modulation of the human eye blink reflex was assessed. METHODS Participants were 13 patients with unilateral striate cortex damage. Nonreflexogenic gratings were presented in their intact or blind hemifield prior to white noise or air puff blink-eliciting stimuli. RESULTS Inhibition of reflex amplitude was observed at asynchronies ranging from about 12...

BACKGROUND The pupillary light reflex characterizes the direct and consensual response of the eye to the perceived brightness of a stimulus. It has been used as indicator of both neurological and optic nerve pathologies. As with other eye reflexes, this reflex constitutes an almost instantaneous movement and is linked to activation of the same midbrain area. The latency of the pupillary light r...

When a visual target is displaced during a saccade, the perception of its displacement is suppressed. Its movement can usually only be detected if the displacement is quite large. This suppression can be eliminated by introducing a short blank period after the saccade and before the target reappears in a new location. This has been termed the blanking effect and has been attributed to the use o...