Over the past decade, the civil engineering community has ever more realized the importance and perspective of reliability-based design optimization (RBDO). Since then several advanced stochastic simulation algorithms for computing small failure probabilities encountered in reliability analysis of engineering systems have been developed: Subset Simulation (Au and Beck (2001) [2]), Line Sampling...

In practice, since many communication networks are huge in scale, or complicated in structure, or even dynamic, the predesigned linear network codes based on the network topology is impossible even if the topological structure is known. Therefore, random linear network coding has been proposed as an acceptable coding technique for the case that the network topology cannot be utilized completely...

A new simulation approach, called ‘subset simulation’, is applied to computing small first excursion probabilities for dynamical systems with stochastic excitations. The basic idea is to express the first excursion probability as a product of larger conditional failure probabilities by introducing intermediate failure boundaries. With a proper choice of the intermediate boundaries, the original...

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Quorum systems serve as a basic tool providing a uniform and reliable way to achieve coordination in a distributed system. They are useful for distributed and replicated databases, name servers, mutual exclusion, and distributed access control and signatures. The un-availability of a quorum system is the probability of the event that no live quorum exists in the system. When such an event occur...

The generalized multiprotocol label switching (GMPLS) networks attain a hierarchical structure, and each layer maintains an independent protection mechanism, resulting in redundant protection. The common pool method provides a basic approach to solve the redundant protection problem. Although the common pool method is simple and robust, however it can fail in some cases. This work first shows t...

A high redundancy actuator (HRA) is composed of a high number of actuation elements, increasing both the travel and the force over the power of an individual element. This provides inherent fault tolerance, because when an element fails, the capabilities of the actuator may be reduced, but it does not become dysfunctional. This paper analyses the likelihood of different reductions in capabiliti...

We consider soft random geometric graphs, constructed by distributing points (nodes) randomly according to a Poisson Point Process, and forming links between pairs of nodes with a probability that depends on their mutual distance, the “connection function.” Each node has a probability of being isolated depending on the locations of the other nodes; we give analytic expressions for the distribut...