In recent times, we are witnessing an increasing concern by governments and intelligence agencies to deploy mass-surveillance systems that help them fight terrorism. In this paper, we conduct a formal analysis of the overall cost of such surveillance systems. Our analysis starts with a fairly-known result in statistics, namely, the false-positive paradox. We propose a quantitative measure of th...

In multi-instance learning, there are two kinds of prediction failure, i.e., false negative and false positive. Current research mainly focus on avoiding the former. We attempt to utilize the geometric distribution of instances inside positive bags to avoid both the former and the latter. Based on kernel principal component analysis, we define a projection constraint for each positive bag to cl...

False positive immunostaining for cytomegalovirus in products of conception was revealed using an avidinbiotinylated peroxidase complex. The cause was shown to be endogenous biotin. The use of a non-avidin-biotin method avoided the problem.

A female, 75-year-old was referred by another service with previous screening mammogram demonstrating clustered pleomorphic microcalcifications in the superolateral quadrant of her left breast, classified as highly suspicious mammographic findings (BI-RADS category 5), to be submitted to mammographyguided needle localization followed by excisional biopsy of the suspicious lesion. A new mammogra...

TO THE EDITOR: Recently, there have been 3 articles (1–3) published in The Journal of Nuclear Medicine attempting to define various artifactual sources that contribute to the unacceptably high rate of myocardial perfusion SPECT (MPS) studies with falsepositive findings. Each article suggests a different protocol modification intended to reduce the incidence of false-positive MPS findings. The f...

Biological false positive reactors for syphilis (BFP) are defined as those patients having reagin demonstrated by positive serological tests for syphilis and non-reactive treponemal antibody tests. Acute biological false-positive reactions (ABFP) terminate in 1 to 6 months. Patients in whom reagin persists longer than 6 months are considered to have chronic reactions (CBFP). Harvey (1962) stres...

PURPOSE Pulmonary focal lesions are frequently identified incidentally. Furthermore, a final diagnosis is really a considerable problem for patients having risk factors for malignancy or particularly for a newly detected nodule during the postoperative period after any kind of lung surgery. For treatment decisions, the nature of the lesions needs to be clarified. Relatively recently positron em...

The clinical observation has been made that there might be an unacceptable number of false-positive enzyme immunoassay (EIA) test results for IgM among persons suspected of having coccidioidomycosis. Patients with a positive result for IgM by EIA are thought to have a diagnosis of acute coccidioidomycosis. However, this study found that 82% of patients with an IgM-positive and IgG-negative EIA ...

Recently, Eklund et al. (1) analyzed clustering methods in standard fMRI packages: AFNI (which we maintain), FSL, and SPM. They claim that (i ) false-positive rates (FPRs) in traditional approaches are greatly inflated, questioning the validity of “countless published fMRI studies”; (ii ) nonparametric methods produce valid, but slightly conservative, FPRs; (iii ) a common flawed assumption is ...