Abstract We examine how first-in-family (FiF) graduates — those whose parents do not have university degrees fare in the labor market England. find that among women, FiF earn 7.4% less on average than a degree. For men, we wage penalty. A decomposition of difference between and non-FiF reveals two interesting findings. First, two-thirds female penalty is explained by certain characteristics, in...

The recent halt of women’s gains in labor force participation ended a decades-long process during which women would postpone marriage and having children until later and later in life. Not any longer. The age at which a Danish woman has her first child has virtually not changed since the early 2000s, for example. This paper examines the role of globalization in the family-market work decision. ...

Analyzing the Labor Market Activity of Immigrant Families in Germany This paper analyzes whether immigrant families facing credit constraints adopt a family investment strategy wherein, upon arrival, an immigrant spouse invests in host countryspecific human capital while the other partner works to finance the family's current consumption. Using data for West Germany, we do not find evidence for...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS The process of giving birth is very stressing for the mother. Meanwhile, maternity ward staff's lack of awareness of mothers' fears make mothers feel lonely and helpless. This study aimed to explore women's perceptions of labor support during vaginal delivery. MATERIALS AND METHODS This exploratory qualitative study used qualitative content analysis to explore Iranian moth...

sociologists have long been interested in the study of the relationships between members of families. also, in the last decades, sociologists and scholars in social and human sciences have shown an interest in the study of the effects of globalization on the micro and macro structures of societies. the aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between globalization and the division o...