Archaeological and theoretical evidence reviewed here indicates that Clovis-era foragers exterminated mammoths and mastodonts in North America around 11,000 radiocarbon years ago. The process unfolded quickly as human foragers explored and dispersed into fragmenting habitats where megamammal populations were ecologically stressed. Megamammal extinctions were eco-catastrophes with major ripple e...

Mosquito faunal surveys were carried out in different habitats of 11 hill ranges of the Western Ghats between 2000 and 2012. Thirty three anopheline species were examined and recorded out of 8730 specimens belonging to subgenera Anopheles (12) and Cellia (21). Very low densities of malaria vectors Anopheles (Cellia) fluviatilis (0.7%) and An. (Cel.) culicifacies (3.04%) were also recorded.

Oxygen and carbon isotope ratios of benthic foraminifers were measured on the continuous middle to lower bathyal sedimentary sequence dated from the upper Maestrichtian to lower Eocene which was recovered at Site 752 in the eastern Indian Ocean. The changes in the carbon isotope values can be correlated with the faunal changes of the benthic foraminifers.

mammalian faunas. This model is a modified form of Vrba’s turnover-pulse hypothesis, which posits that changes in the physical environment drive speciation, extinction, and local faunal turnover (Vrba 1995a). Model 2 emphasizes the dominance of species with large population sizes and large geographic ranges through intervals of environmental change. This model arises from the literature about m...

The marine ecosystem has been severely disturbed by several transient paleoenvironmental events (<200 kyr duration) during the early Paleogene, of which the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM, ~56 Ma) was the most prominent. Over the last decade a number of similar events of Paleocene and Eocene age have been discovered. However, relatively little attention has been paid to pre-PETM events,...

The archaeozoological record of terminal Pleistocene to Middle Holocene sites in the Central Sudanese Nile and Upper Atbara regions is interpreted in terms of environmental change. On the basis of the species composition of the faunal assemblages, shifts in climate and Vegetation can be observed. Using the present-day position of the Vegetation zones, the extent of their north-south movements d...