BACKGROUND During the time when preterm infants' oral feeding skills are developing they often experience physiological instability and need assistance from caregivers to maintain adequate oxygenation. Assisting infants to maintain optimal oxygenation during oral feeding requires an understanding of how they express and aim to self-regulate their oxygen status. AIM The purpose of this study w...

Key impediments to increased corn yield and quality in the southeastern US coastal plain region are damage by ear-feeding insects and aflatoxin contamination caused by infection of Aspergillus flavus. Key ear-feeding insects are corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea, fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais, and brown stink bug, Euschistus servus. In 2006 and 2007, aflatox...

The impact on the nominal power pattern of random and not a-priori known errors affecting the excitation amplitudes of real linear arrays is analyzed by means of an analytic approach based on the interval analysis math. Starting from the expressions of the pattern bounds as a function of the excitation tolerances modeling the saturation in the amplifiers of the array feeding network, the effect...

BACKGROUND Both the pattern and duration of breast feeding are important determinants of health outcomes. In vertical HIV transmission research, reliable documentation of early breast feeding practices is important in order to correctly attribute postnatal transmission to feeding pattern. AIMS To validate methods of collecting data on the duration of exclusive breast feeding (EBF) in an area ...

INTRODUCTION The motor pattern 'yawning' has been described for all vertebrate groups. The most intensive study of this behaviour pattern has been made by SAUER & SAUER (1967) in the South African Ostrich. They suggest that yawning assists in the regulation of the physiological state of these birds. It is primarily released and activated by endogenous stimuli, but can also be facilitated and tr...

Changes in the feeding mechanism with feeding behavior were investigated using high-speed video and electromyography to examine the kinematics and motor pattern of prey capture, manipulation and transport in the spiny dogfish Squalus acanthias (Squalidae: Squaliformes). In this study, Squalus acanthias used both suction and ram behaviors to capture and manipulate prey, while only suction was us...

Using a simple model for the trail formation of ants, the relation between i)the schedule of feeding which represents the unsteady natural environment, ii)emerging patterns of trails connecting a nest with food resources, and iii)the foraging efficiency is studied. Simulations and a simple analysis show that the emergent trail pattern flexibly varies depending on the feeding schedule by which a...