The many hundreds of cysts that grow and expand and ultimately overwhelm and destroy polycystic kidneys arise from the slow but unrelenting proliferation of tubular epithelial cells, eventually giving rise to very large, thin-walled, fluid-filled structures. The growth of these cystic bodies requires two processes: Cell proliferation and fluid secretion. Cyst epithelial cells seem to have a uni...

An experimental study on a plate gravity heat pipe (PGHP) with inner cavity size of length 100 mm (X), width 2.5 mm (Y), and height 210 mm (Z) with acetone as the working fluid was carried out. The effects of heating power inputs (80–180 W) and fluid filling ratios (25%, 48%, and 55%) on the start-up temperature, start-up time, temperature difference, and relative thermal resistance on the Z-ax...

The lattice-Boltzmann method as well as classical molecular dynamics are established and widely used methods for the simulation and research of soft matter. Molecular dynamics is a computer simulation technique on microscopic scales solving the multi-body kinetic equations of the involved particles. The lattice-Boltzmann method describes the hydrodynamic interactions of fluids, gases, or other ...

Fixation of lungs at necropsy by inflation with formaldehyde vapour was used in a combined radiological and pathological study of pulmonary oedema. Pulmonary oedema was found in 79% of lungs examined. The earliest phases affect the interstitial tissue with oedematous connective tissue planes and distension of pulmonary lymphatics. These changes may be associated with reduction in the compliance...

Background Efficient right ventricular (RV) pumping function requires optimal blood flow dynamics. In the left ventricle (LV), diastolic vortex ring formation distal to the mitral valve (MV) has been reported to be an important mechanism for such blood flow optimization. Earlier work based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations using simplified RV geometry modeling have reported vort...

INTRODUCTION Fluid administration in critically ill patients may affect acid-base balance. However, the effect of the fluid type used for resuscitation on acid-base balance remains controversial. METHODS We studied the effect of fluid resuscitation of normal saline and the colloids gelatine 4%, hydroxyethyl starch (HES) 6%, and albumin 5% on acid-base balance in 115 clinically hypovolemic cri...

The progressive break-up of an initially stable fluid column or thread into a number of smaller droplets is an important dynamical process that impacts many commercial operations from spraying and atomization of fertilizers and pesticides, to paint application, roll-coating of adhesives and food processing operations such as containerand bottle-filling. The progressive thinning of a fluid filam...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microleakage of various root-end filling materials using a fluid filtration system. Sixty extracted human single-rooted teeth were used. The crowns were removed, the canals prepared, and root-end fillings placed. The samples were divided into two control and five experimental groups. The root-end filling materials tested were: amalgam, Intermediate ...

Background information as to the environmental effect of discharges of mercury is provided. The information has justified a programme, outlined in the paper, for reducing mercury in products, waste waters and vented air from chlorine plants using the mercury process. The strict separation of the waste waters and certain technical measures creates possibilities of reducing the discharges effecti...

A shear viscosity model for the underfill flow is proposed based on slug flow, which is appropriate in the case of neutrally buoyant particles. However, the filling particles used in practice are often heavier than the liquid carriers. The effect of non-neutrally buoyant particles is investigated in this work. The flow of dense slurry in which the filling particles are heavier than the liquid c...