T he financial crisis that was started in the last months of 2008, spread out to all world countries in short-term and had broken out as public debt in the European Union and Euro area. Most affected countries from this financial crisis had been Portugal, Ireland, Italy, Greece, and Spain were named as PIIGS countries of Europe. The effect of public debt on economic growth had been a...

background: community‑based health programs (cbhps) with participatory approaches has been recognized as an important tool in health promotion. the goal of this study was to understand the nature of participation practice in cbhp and to use the data to advocate for more participation‑friendly policies in the community, academy and funding organizations. methods: in this qualitative study, 13 cb...

â â â  â â â  abstract â  using a structural var with block exogeneity, diagonality and identifying restrictions, this paper analyzes: first, the macroeconomic linkages among the oil price, u.s. output, interest rate, money supply, general price level and exchange rate and second, the relationships of the macroeconomic variables with the price indices of ten international nonfuel commodity grou...

PURPOSE Economists predict that in the coming decades an unprecedented number of American baby boomers will enter retirement lacking adequate resources. The present investigation was designed to examine the factors that influence individuals' financial preparedness for retirement. DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 230 participants each completed a multifaceted questionnaire on their own personal ...

recent strong growth of china’s exports has elevated the country to a rising global economic power and caused geo-political concern to policy-makers in the country and its trading partners world-wide. what are the determinants of this growth, how has it affected major economies in asean (world bank, 2009) in particular, and what kind of evidence-based responses are required and appropriate? the...

This cross-sectional study examined potential demand-side barriers to women's use of basic health services in rural southern Egypt (Upper Egypt). Face-to-face interviews with a structured questionnaire were carried out on 205 currently-married women, inquiring about their use of health facilities: regular antenatal care (ANC) during the last pregnancy and medical treatment services when they su...