The distribution characteristics of the temperature below ceilings in curved tunnel fires have not been quantitatively studied. A small-scale was constructed this work to study maximum and longitudinal attenuation induced by a with natural ventilation. Different turning radiuses fire heat release rates were taken into account. results show that ceiling is hardly affected radius scenario where f...

Fire is a real threat for people and property. However, if the risks can be identified before the accident, the consequences can be remarkably limited. The requirement of fire safety is particularly important in places with large number of people and limited evacuation possibilities (e.g., ships and airplanes) and for places where the consequences of fire may spread wide outside of the fire loc...

The smoke from tunnel fires spreads over long distances and is difficult to vent. Smoke accumulation leads high temperatures, low visibility, concentrations of toxic gases, which greatly hinders the evacuation people inside tunnel. In this paper, a representative extra-long highway tunnel—Chengkai Tunnel—is selected as engineering background, model built using FDS Pathfinder software simulate f...