OBJECTIVE A prior depressive episode is thought to increase the risk of depression. However, among older adults with prior depression, it is unclear whether sleep disturbance predicts depression recurrence independent of other depressive symptoms. METHOD A 2-year prospective cohort study was conducted with 351 community-dwelling older adults ages 60 years and older: 145 persons with a history...

Depressive symptoms are wide spread in alcohol abusing patients of all ages and are much more common than diagnosable depressive disorder. Studies have reported that depression diagnosed in the current episode of alcoholism remits after two weeks of abstinence and detoxification from alcohol. Despite the high prevalence of depression in alcohol dependent individuals, the nature of the relations...

The objective of the present study was to assess differences in prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among depressed patients in regard to the duration of the illness (first episode versus recurrent episodes). A total of 190 patients suffering from major depressive disorder were included in the study, diagnosed according to International classification of disorders, 10th revision. The same crit...

We are pleased to see an additional validation of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale – Revised (CESD-R:(Eaton et al., 2004)) in the article in Psychiatry Research by Van Dam and Earleywine (Van Dam and Earleywine, 2011). We wish to make readers aware that an electronic version of the CESD-R is freely and publicly available at http://cesd-r.com. The web version includes sympto...