Galton-Watson processes were introduced by Francis Galton in 1889 as a simple mathematical model for the propagation of family names. They were reinvented by Leo Szilard in the late 1930s as models for the proliferation of free neutrons in a nuclear fission reaction. Generalizations of the extinction probability formulas that we shall derive below played a role in the calculation of the critica...

The production cross sections and the kinematical properties of primary residual nuclei have been studied in reactions 197Au + p, 208Pb + p,d, 238U + p,d, and 238U + 208Pb at energies around 1 A GeV. The measured kinematical properties of the residues were also used to disentangle the relevant reaction mechanisms, spallationevaporation and spallation-fission. The fragment separator FRS at GSI, ...

Approximately 0.3 % of binary fission decays observed in the spontaneous or thermal neutron induced fission of a heavy nucleus are accompanied by emission of an energetic light particle or fragment in a direction perpendicular to the axis defined by the separating massive fragments. Considerable theoretical and experimental effort has been directed towards understanding this type of ternary fis...

Mitochondrial dysfunction occurs in neurodegenerative diseases, however molecular mechanisms underlying this process remain elusive. Emerging evidence suggests that nitrosative stress, mediated by reactive nitrogen species (RNS), may play a role in mitochondrial pathology. Here, we review findings that highlight the abnormal mitochondrial morphology observed in many neurode-generative disorders...

Neutrons are primarily produced at large international facilities using either spallation reactions or nuclear fission. There is a demand for small scale neutron production for use at hospitals and borders for a variety of applications. Isolated fission sources and sealed tube deuterium-tritium fusors are able to provide a reliable neutron flux at small scale but are impractical due to the asso...

The processing of experimental data for the photon induced reactions on 238 U and 232 Th investigated by quasi-monochromatic γ-ray beams (produced in Laser Compton scattering at NewSUBARU facility) needs prediction prompt neutron spectra. They are obtained using reliable models systematics, i.e. most employed well validated approach probable fragmentation with input parameters provided a recent...

Measuring the neutron-induced fission cross-sections of short-lived nuclei represents an experimental challenge due to target activity and the low intensity of neutron beams. One way to alleviate the problems inherent in the direct measurement is to use the surrogate method, where one measures the decay probability of the same compound nucleus formed using a charged beam and a stable target. Th...

Amphiphysin is a major dynamin-binding partner at the synapse; however, its function in fission is unclear. Incubation of large unilamellar liposomes with mice brain cytosol led to massive formation of small vesicles, whereas cytosol of amphiphysin 1 knockout mice was much less efficient in this reaction. Vesicle formation from large liposomes by purified dynamin was also strongly enhanced by a...

The design, construction and control of artificial self-organized systems modelled on dynamical behaviours of living systems are important issues in biologically inspired engineering. Such systems are usually based on complex reaction dynamics far from equilibrium; therefore, the control of non-equilibrium conditions is required. Here we report a droplet open-reactor system, based on droplet fu...

A model based on the macroscopic-microscopic approach for calculating the fission-fragment properties is presented. Using this model, a large set of experimental data measured in lowand high-energy fission can be reproduced using one and same set of model parameters.