The flagellum is a rotary motor that enables bacteria to swim in liquids and swarm over surfaces. Numerous global regulators control flagellar assembly in response to cellular and environmental factors. Previous studies have also shown that flagellar assembly is affected by the growth-rate of the cell. However, a systematic study has not yet been described under controlled growth conditions. He...

The bacterial flagellum is a supramolecular structure consisting of a basal body, a hook and a filament. Most of the flagellar components are translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane by the flagellar type III protein export apparatus in the vicinity of the flagellar base, diffuse down the narrow channel through the nascent structure and self-assemble at its distal end with the help of a cap...

We present a theory of flagellar synchronization in the green alga Chlamydomonas, using full treatment of flagellar hydrodynamics. We find that two recently proposed synchronization mechanisms, basal coupling and flagellar waveform compliance, stabilize anti-phase synchronization if operative in isolation. Their nonlinear superposition, however, stabilizes in-phase synchronization as observed i...

The axoneme is the basic functional unit of the eucaryotic flagellum. Periodic structures appended to its 9+2 microtubule core are responsible for generation of flagellar bending. An account of biochemical and genetic studies of flagellar-defective mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is presented. These studies provide insights into the complex molecular composition of the appended structures,...

UNLABELLED Flagellar biogenesis in Helicobacter pylori is regulated by a transcriptional hierarchy governed by three sigma factors, RpoD (σ(80)), RpoN (σ(54)), and FliA (σ(28)), that temporally coordinates gene expression with the assembly of the flagellum. Previous studies showed that loss of flagellar protein export apparatus components inhibits transcription of flagellar genes. The FlgS/FlgR...

To investigate the role of axonemal components in the mechanics and regulation of flagellar movement, we have generated a series of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against sea urchin (Lytechinus pictus) sperm axonemal proteins, selected for their ability to inhibit the motility of demembranated sperm models. One of these antibodies, mAb D1, recognizes an antigen of 142 kDa on blots of sea urchin ax...

A description of the movement of Euglena viridis has previously been published (Lowndes, 1941, 1944), but the present study has yielded additional information, particularly concerning the flagellar wave parameters. Although it is generally accepted that the flagella of such organisms as spermatozoa are directly responsible for propelling the organism through its liquid environment, it has been ...

A rapid, Ca2+-dependent change in the angle between basal bodies (up to 180 degrees) is associated with light-induced reversal of swimming direction (the "photophobic" response) in a number of flagellated green algae. In isolated, detergent-extracted, reactivated flagellar apparatus complexes of Spermatozopsis similis, axonemal beat form conversion to the symmetrical/undulating flagellar patter...