Results of a detailed numerical analysis of an n-heptane/air edge flame are presented. The equations of a low-Mach number reacting flow are solved in a two-dimensional domain using detailed models for species transport and chemical reactions. The reaction mechanism involves 560 species and 2538 reversible reactions. We consider an edge flame that is established in a mixing layer with a uniform ...

Kernel P systems (or kP systems) bring together relevant features from several P systems flavours into a unified kernel model which allows solving complex problems using a straightforward code programming approach. kPWorkbench is a software suite enabling specification, parsing and simulation of kP systems models defined in the kernel P– Lingua (or kP-Lingua) programming language. It has been s...

Semitendinosus muscles from low quality, cull cows were trimmed, separated into three fat levels (10, 20, and 30%), treated with 0, 5, 10, 15, or 20 seconds of surface flame application, ground, and formed into patties. Patties were quick frozen (-80 C for 1 hr) and stored at -10 C for 0, 4 or 24 days. Hunter “L” and “b” values increased (P<.01) and Hunter “a” values decreased (P<.01) as flame ...

Recently, video based flame detection technologies have become an important approach to the early detection of potential fire disasters. The recognition accuracy of most of the existing approaches for video based flame detection is not satisfactory. In this paper, we develop a new video based flame detection algorithm that can accurately recognize flames in video sequences based on color and ge...

A new combustion model is developed and applied to simulate combustion in dual-fuel engines in which the premixed natural gas is ignited by the combustion flame initiated by a diesel spray. The model consists of a diesel auto-ignition model and a flame propagation model. A G-equation model previously developed to simulate SI engine combustion was incorporated with an auto-ignition model to simu...

A multi-feature fusion early flame detection algorithm based on D-S evidence theory is proposed. In this algorithm, first the method based on YcbCr and RGB color spaces is used for extracting the flame region of interest. Then flame classifiers based on flame flicker frequency and flame image correlation between frames are selected as two features of D-S feature fusion, the basic probability as...

Infrared images provide useful information to inspect the status of combustion processes. The flame geometry and intensity depend on the process variables and the characteristics of the combustion chamber. This paper describes methods to analyze infrared images of industrial flames and to characterize the flame geometry. A segmentation algorithm is proposed to separate the flame region from the...

The latest techniques used to prove, describe and analyze the gas phase activity of a fire retardant used in polymeric materials are briefly reviewed. Classical techniques, such as thermogravimetric analysis or microscale combustion calorimetry, as well as complex and advanced analytical techniques, such as modified microscale combustion calorimeter (MCC), molecular beam mass spectroscopy and v...

Edge detection process is used in image processing application to obtain the information from images. Flame and fire image processing is to judge the boundary between area of fire and nonfire region. Basically it is image based flame monitoring technique which is necessary for early fire detection, fire evaluation and determination of flame and fire parameter. There are many edge detection meth...

Abstract—This study is aiming at establishing the relationship between the optical signal of flame and an equivalent ratio of flame. In this experiment, flame optical signal in a furnace is measured using photodiode. The combustion system is composed of metal fiber burner and vertical furnace, and flame chemiluminescence is measured at various experimental conditions. In this study, the flame c...