The fitness distance correlation (FDC) as a measure for problem difficulty was first introduced by Forrest and Jones. It was applied to many binary coded problems. This method is now applied to permutation based problems. As demanded by Schiavinotto and Stützle, the distance in a search space is calculated by regarding the steps of the (neighborhood) operator. In this paper the five most common...

Background: This paper is about a method for recovering data from floppy disks that are failing due to weak bits. It describes a repetitive read technique that has successfully recovered data from failing floppies in forensic cases and describes other related techniques. None of these techniques are new or particularly unique, however, they are not widely published to the best of the authors kn...

INTRODUCTION Whereas a retrograde attempt to insert an indwelling stent is performed in lithotomy position, usually renal access is gained in a prone position. To overcome the time loss of patient repositioning, a renal puncture can be performed in a modified lithotomy position with torqued truncus and slightly elevated flank. There is a two-fold advantage of this position: transurethral and tr...

W e model a firm's decisions about product innovation, focusing on the extent to which features should be improved or changed in the succession of models that comprise a life cycle. We show that the structure of the internal and external environment in which a firm operates suggests when to innovate to the technology frontier. The criterion is maxi-mization of the expected present value of prof...

Photonic integration on thin flexible plastic substrates is important for emerging applications ranging from the realization of flexible interconnects to conformal sensors applied to the skin. Such devices are traditionally fabricated using pattern transfer, which is complicated and has limited integration capacity. Here, we report a convenient monolithic approach to realize flexible, integrate...

Date Ticker FIRMCOUNT Risk Adjusted Return (γ) Change in Market Risk (β ́) Change in Idiosyncratic Risk (σ2 after – σ2 before) 2/20/1996 FDC 2 -0.006087476 0.02552937 6.32225E-05 5/7/1996 ISLI 2 0.0243426 -1.892630856 -0.002437866 5/7/1996 SUNW 2 -0.007177306 -1.025868233 -0.000912965 5/20/1996 NSCP 6 0.017395648 0.827543911 -0.000930735 5/20/1996 ORCL 6 0.00570959 -1.492743834 -0.000170551 5/20...

Increasingly we have come to think of institutional repositories as the primary storage and access locations for the deluge of digital materials. However, we continue to employ portable physical carriers for the storage and transfer of digital information, from portable hard drives, USB and Flash drives, through to DVD-ROMs, CD-ROMs and floppy disks. As concerns about the fragility and obsolesc...