Suspension-feeding fishes such as goldfish and whale sharks retain prey without clogging their oral filters, whereas clogging is a major expense in industrial crossflow filtration of beer, dairy foods and biotechnology products. Fishes' abilities to retain particles that are smaller than the pore size of the gill-raker filter, including extraction of particles despite large holes in the filter,...

Single glomerulus filtration rate in Eptatretus stouti averaged 20.3+/-2.13 (S.E.M.) nl min(-1). Single glomerulus glomerular filtration rate (GFR) could be correlated with arterial pressure when arterial pressure exceeded about 4 cm H2O. Glomerular filtration was affected by postglomerular resistance brought about by alteration of the volume of urinary spaces. Filtration undoubtedly plays a ro...

The deposition behaviors of carboxylate-modified polystyrene latex microspheres (six sizes ranging from 0.1 to 2.0 microm) in packed porous media (soda-lime glass beads) were examined under a variety of environmentally relevant pore fluid velocities (4-8 m-day(-1)) in the presence of an energy barrier to deposition. Hyperexponential profiles of retained colloids were observed for all microspher...

The apical third of most root canals shows some degree of curvature, which is important in cleaning/shaping and obturation during root canal treatment. The present study evaluated the effect of master cone size on the apical seal of severely curved root canals. Thirty-eight mesial roots of human mandibular first molars were prepared using the crown-down technique. All samples were mature roots ...

We report on the development of a method to simulate from first principles the particle filtration efficiency of filters that are composed of structured porous media. We assume that the ratio of particle density to the fluid density is high. We concentrate on the motion of the particles in a laminar flow and quantify the role of inertial effects on the filtration of an ensemble of particles. We...

Edema is a clinical state characterized by an accumulation of fluid in the interstitial or intracellular space. This accumulation develops when the net transcapillary filtration rate exceeds the lymphatic drainage rate over a period of time. In other words, increased filtration or reduced lymph flow or both. The present chapter focuses on the lower limb edema frequently associated with venous i...

The sequence of transcapillary fluid movement during microocclusion of single capillaries was investigated on the theoretical basis of the Starling hypothesis. For most capillaries studied, the theory agrees reasonably well with the experiments with red cells used as the tags for fluid movement. By analyzing the sequence of the movement of the red cell in one single occlusion, it was possible t...

The thermal infusion filtration system was designed to manage malignant effusions and treat metastatic cancers of the intracavitary serosa. Hyperthermia, chemotherapy, and cell and debris filtration were administered by a dynamic fluid flow. Preclinical evaluations of surgical procedure, temperature studies, fluid dynamics, and physiology were carried out in 15 dogs (17.2 to 25.4 kg) with perit...

The aim of this article is to increase your understanding of fluid and electrolyte homeostasis, and provide the rationale for the care and management of patients undergoing intravenous fluid therapy. After reading this article, you should be able to: Describe different body fluid compartments. Define the principles of osmosis, diffusion and filtration in relation to the movement of water and so...