During pregnancy, parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is one of many growth factors that play important roles to promote fetal growth and development, including stimulation of placental calcium transport. Angiotensin II, acting through the AT(1a) receptor, is also known to promote placental growth. We examined the effects of bilateral uterine artery and vein ligation (restriction), whic...

The kidneys play a vital role in maintaining normal tissue hydration and serum sodium level. In haemodialysis patients, with impaired or absent kidney function, fluid status is managed by removing excess fluid using ultrafiltration and by restricting dietary sodium intake. Ideally, haemodialysis patients should remain close to normal hydration throughout the interdialytic period, with minimal p...

The evidence underpinning oesophageal Doppler monitoring (ODM)-guided fluid administration in colorectal surgery has not been critically appraised despite quantitative meta-analyses. A qualitative systematic review of the methodology and findings of all published randomised-controlled trials (RCTs) exploring ODM-guided fluid administration in major abdominal surgery was conducted. Four, well-de...

We devise a stochastic Hamiltonian formulation of the water wave problem. This representation is built within framework modelling under location uncertainty. Starting from restriction to free surface general fluid motion equations, we show how one can naturally deduce structure small noise assumption. Moreover, as in classical theory, non-local Dirichlet–Neumann operator appears explicitly ener...

This paper is concerned with the asymptotic stability derived for two-dimensional incompressible Navier–Stokes equations multidelays on Lipschitz domain, which models control theory of 2D fluid flow. By a new retarded Gronwall inequality and estimates stream function Stokes equations, complete trajectories inside pullback attractors are asymptotically stable via restriction generalized Grashof ...

An 83-year-old man admitted for weakness, lethargy, and mental status changes was found to have human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease and cryptococcal meningitis. His hospital course was complicated by worsening hyponatremia (sodium < 136 mEq/L). By hospital day 6, the patient’s serum sodium had declined to 127 mEq/L from his admission level of 133 mEq/L. The initial impression was that th...

Non-adherence of hemodialysis patients to diet and restriction fluid has a negative impact on health status. Various factors are associated with non-adherence dietary in chronic kidney disease undergoing including patient characteristics such as age, gender, education, occupation, length time hemodialysis, self-efficacy, motivation social support. This study aims analyze the most dominant compl...

Pendrin, encoded by Slc26a4, is a Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchanger expressed in the apical region of type B and non-A, non-B intercalated cells, which regulates renal NaCl excretion. Dietary Cl(-) restriction upregulates total pendrin protein expression. Whether the subcellular expression of pendrin and whether the apparent vascular volume contraction observed in Slc26a4 null mice are Cl(-) dependent,...