Intravenous fluid therapy has evolved significantly over time. From the initial report of the first intravenous administration of sodium-chloride-based solution to the development of goal-directed fluid therapy using novel dynamic indices, efforts have focused on improving patient outcomes. The goal of this review is to provide a brief overview of current concepts for intravenous fluid administ...

OBJECTIVE To examine effectiveness of standardized occupational therapy and physical therapy assessments in detecting functional changes and predicting clinical improvement in patients with suspected normal pressure hydrocephalus undergoing cerebrospinal fluid drainage. DESIGN Cohort study. PATIENTS Eighty-seven patients admitted to an inpatient neurology unit for elective cerebrospinal flu...

Mycobacterium bovis infection after intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy is rare. A 65-year-old Japanese man with history of bladder cancer and intravesical BCG therapy, presented with low-grade fever. An aneurysm with perianeurysmal fluid was suspected and endovascular aortic repair was performed. After 160 days, he developed blood-streaked sputum and computed tomography images ...

antepartum mastitis is a rare condition, whereas postpartum or lactation mastitis is a common problem. this report introduces a case of complicated bilateral antepartum mastitis, which was treated successfully by drain insertion and antibiotic therapy. the patient was a 23-year-old woman in the 23 rd week of her first pregnancy. her chief complaint was progressive swelling, redness and radicula...

The first description of the use of intravenous fluid in a human is attributed to Dr Thomas Latta during the cholera epidemic in London in 1831–2. Dr Latta described his experience in a letter to the editor of The Lancet. 1 Dr Latta first attempted to replace the lost fluid and salts 'by injecting copiously into the larger intestine warm water, holding in solution the requisite salts, and also ...

Fluid and electrolyte therapy is integral to successful management of colic patients and includes IV fluid administration, enteral fluids administered via a nasogastric tube, and oral administration of hypertonic electrolyte slurries. Over the past few years, economic pressures have led to increased reliance on enteral fluid therapy for treatment of large colon impactions and displacements, and...

The management of the meningitis with C. neoformans raises many problems: the choosing of the appropriate antifungal therapy, the prevention and/or the control of the complications, the correct management of the antiretroviral therapy. We report two cases with HIV infection same immunological and clinical stage, the first of them with relatively recent infection, the second with long-term infec...

Fluid Choice for Resuscitation and Perioperative Administration Fluid administration is considered the cornerstone of resuscitative therapy for the treatment of hypotension, hypovolemia, and physical trauma. Isotonic salt (crystalloid) solutions (e.g., lactated Ringer’s solution [LRS]) are the most frequently recommended fluids for this therapy because they are considered to be safe, efficaciou...

Guidelines for the perioperative administration of fluid are often based on static hemodynamic targets such as central venous pressure, and delayed volume status indexes such as blood pressure, heart rate, capillary refill, and urine output. Traditional fluid management protocols also rely heavily on algorithmic estimates of fluid deficit, intravascular fluid volume status, fluid loss, and basa...

The use of blood and intravenous fluid therapy is now considered routine therapy. The level of sophistication that we now perceive as standard has resulted from centuries of legends, religious beliefs, pseudo-science, non-scientific supposition, experimentation and error. The purpose of this article is to review the evolution of parenteral fluid and transfusion therapy through history. Data wer...