So-called ‘Saharanpur encephalitis,’ with high case fatality, used to occur annually, post-monsoon, in Western districts of Uttar Pradesh (UP). Over 2 decades, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) and National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) staff failed to diagnose it. A team of volunteer investigators (T Jacob John, virologist; VM Vashishtha, pediatrician; NC Nayak, pathologist; Amod K...