Bait stations represent an environmentally friendly attract-and-kill approach to fruit fly population suppression. Recently a novel, visually attractive, rain-fast bait station was developed in Hawaii for potential use against multiple species of pestiferous fruit flies. Here, we compared the efficacy of GF-120 NF Naturalyte Fruit Fly Bait applied either as foliar sprays or onto bait stations i...

The total phenol content in decomposing litter not only acts as a crucial litter quality indicator, but is also closely related to litter humification due to its tight absorption to clay particles. However, limited attention has been focused on the total phenol dynamics in foliar litter in relation to forest gaps. Here, the foliar litter of six representative tree species was incubated on the f...

A scheme for combining forest data (growth, foliar nutrition) and soil and site information in a predictive spatial system is proposed to address the following questions: Can geostatistics be used to produce maps of forest sustainability indicator variables such as tree growth or foliage and soil properties to show spatial and temporal trends? Can soil map units be used to stratify forests acco...

Pine wilt disease (PWD) is considered as the most destructive forest-invasive alien species in China. We measured gas exchange parameters and foliar carbon isotope ratios (δ13C) of different infection phases of Masson pine in order to investigate the effect of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus infection on photosynthetic responses and resource-use efficiency. The results showed that net photosynthetic...

The present experiment was conducted to assess the interactive effect of foliar application of nitric oxide (NO) and salinity on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Wheat cv. S-24 was grown under non-stressed or salt stressed conditions (0 and 150 mM NaCl). Different levels of NO (water spray, 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15 mM) were applied as a foliar spray. Salinity applied through rooting medium significantl...

At the molecular level, folivory activity on plants has mainly been related to the foliar concentrations of nitrogen (N) and/or particular metabolites. We studied the responses of different nutrients and the whole metabolome of Quercus ilex to seasonal changes and to moderate field experimental conditions of drought, and how this drought may affect folivory activity, using stoichiometric and me...

The objectives of this study were to examine the foliar sensitivity to ozone exposure of 12 tree, shrub, and herbaceous species native to southern Switzerland and determine the seasonal cumulative ozone exposures required to induce visible foliar injury. The study was conducted from the beginning of May through the end of August during 2000 and 2001 using an open-top chamber research facility l...