the doctrine of piercing the corporate veil fascilitated holding directors liable for corporate debt. nevertheless, the doctrine is not a seperate cause of action. directors are bound by fiduciary duty, duty of loyalty and duty of care and skill to the corporation and its shareholders. however, there is not such a contractual relationship between directors and creditors. thus, requiring directo...

This paper will analyze the doctrine of culpa in contrahendo, including statutory provisions and case law adopted in different jurisdictions in which this theory has been applied. In doing so, this paper will provide a general description of the culpa in contrahendo doctrine, and then it will introduce the legal perspective of a judge facing a case of pre-contractual liability in Chile. Finally...

In this paper, we consider three arguments for the irrelevance of the doctrine of double effect in end-of-life decision making. The third argument is our own and, to that extent, we seek to defend it. The first argument is that end-of-life decisions do not in fact shorten lives and that, therefore, there is no need for the doctrine in justification of these decisions. We reject this argument; s...