In this research, we investigated the cytotoxic mechanisms of Cochlodinium polykrikoidescell lysate on isolated rat liver hepatocytes.This micro algae is responsible for a severe and widespread harmful algal bloom in the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman (2008-2009). Isolated hepatocytes were obtained by collagenase perfusion of Sprague-Dawley rat liver.According to our results, incubation of algal...

The alcohol-inducible P450 2E subfamily in the rabbit has two known members that differ in only 16 amino acid residues scattered throughout the polypeptide chain. P450 2E1 has been thoroughly characterized, and is known to have diverse inducers and substrates. Little is known, however, about the properties of P450 2E2, since efforts to isolate this isozyme from adult rabbits have been unsuccess...

Toluene and its metabolites have been studied with respect to their reactive oxygen species-enhancing potential in isolated systems and in vivo. The induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was assayed using the probe 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA). Intraperitoneal injection of toluene, benzyl alcohol or benzaldehyde caused a significant elevation in the rate o...

OBJECTIVE Non-oxidative metabolism of ethanol (NOME) produces fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) via carboxylester lipase (CEL) and other enzyme action implicated in mitochondrial injury and acute pancreatitis (AP). This study investigated the relative importance of oxidative and non-oxidative pathways in mitochondrial dysfunction, pancreatic damage and development of alcoholic AP, and whether del...

Emissions of acetaldehyde from tree leaves were investigated by proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS), a technique that allows simultaneous monitoring of different leaf volatiles, and confirmed by derivatization and high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. Bursts of acetaldehyde were released by sycamore, aspen, cottonwood and maple leaves following light–dark transitions;...

Physiological angiogenesis is regulated by various factors, including signaling through vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors. We previously reported that a single dose of ethanol (1.4 g/kg), yielding a blood alcohol concentration of 100 mg/dl, significantly impairs angiogenesis in murine wounds, despite adequate levels of VEGF, suggesting direct effects of ethanol on endothelial ...

Purpose: Depression is a public disorder worldwide. Despite the widespread use of venlafaxine in the treatment of depression, it has been associated with the incidence of toxicities. Hence, the goal of the current investigation was to evaluate the mechanisms of venlafaxine-induced cell death in the model of the freshly isolated rat hepatocytes. Methods: Collagenase-perfused rat hepatocytes were...

The cDNAs encoding ethanol-inducible forms of rat and human cytochrome P-450s have been isolated, sequenced, and used to study the expression of this cytochrome P-450 during development and by various inducing agents. Polyclonal antibody against ethanolinducible cytochrome P-450 was used to screen rat and human Xgtl 1 cDNA expression libraries. The longest cDNAs obtained from each library were ...

A potential in vitro model for studying the mechanisms of alcohol-induced hepatocyte injury is the WIF-B cell line. It has many hepatocyte-like features, including a differentiated, polarized phenotype resulting in formation of bile canaliculi. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of ethanol treatment on this cell line. WIF-B cells were cultured up to 96 h in the absence or presence...

Retinols are metabolized into retinoic acids by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and retinaldehyde dehydrogenase (Raldh). However, their roles have yet to be clarified in hepatitis despite enriched retinols in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Therefore, we investigated the effects of retinols on Concanavalin A (Con A)-mediated hepatitis. Con A was injected into wild type (WT), Raldh1 knock-out (Raldh1...