OBJECTIVE To document food acquisition experiences during Iraqi military occupation in Kuwait. DESIGN Retrospective cross-sectional study. SETTING Urban areas in Kuwait during occupation. SUBJECTS Those living in Kuwait during the period of occupation, and aged between 15 to 50 years at the time of occupation, recruited by snowball sampling. A total of 390 completed questionnaires (respon...

Anti-infective shortages pose significant logistical and clinical challenges to hospitals and may be considered a public health emergency. Anti-infectives often represent irreplaceable life-saving treatments. Furthermore, few new agents are available to treat increasingly prevalent multidrug-resistant pathogens. Frequent anti-infective shortages have substantially altered patient care and may l...

Shortages of medicines and vaccines have been reported in countries of all income levels in recent years. Shortages can result from one or multiple causes, including shortages of raw materials, manufacturing capacity problems, industry consolidation, marketing practices, and procurement and supply chain management. Existing approaches to mitigate shortages include advance notice systems managed...

Over the course of U.S. history there have been a number of occasions in which aggregate nominal spending has declined, the most recent of which occurred during the recession that began in December 2007. Coincident with these observed declines in nominal spending is a corresponding decline in the quantity of transaction assets and real output, where the former are defined as financial assets th...

Studies in this report investigate the existence and quantitative contribution of a metabolic component to an apparently elevated efficiency of energy utilization during refeeding following low-calorie consumption. Energy balance during a 25-d refeeding period was assessed in rats that had been food restricted (at 50% of normal intake) for either 30 or 10 d. Relative to weight-matched controls ...

Recent changes in sanitary policies within the European Union (EU) concerning disposal of carcasses of domestic animals and the increase of non-natural mortality factors, such as illegal poisoning, are threatening European vultures. However, the effects of anthropogenic activities on demographic parameters are poorly studied. Using a long-term study (1994-2011) of the threatened Pyrenean Bearde...

Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain why food is found uneaten in or near nests of raptors, owls and shrikes. The ‘insurance’ hypothesis states that parents store food to buffer offspring against temporary food shortages generally due to adverse weather. Under the ‘large prey’ hypothesis, the offspring’s inaptitude in dismembering large items might explain the presence of uneaten it...

With the rapidly changing economic environments and numerous challenges hindering smallholders’ adoption of externally developed technologies, it is often argued that farmers’ innovations may be essential in the livelihoods of rural farm households and need to be promoted. Yet a rigorous assessment of the impacts of farmer innovation is lacking. Consequently, we analyse the effect of farmer inn...