afghanistan is a land-locked country that depends on its neighboring countries to transit essential commodities. iran, for its proximity and access to the high seas, seems to have the most economical route to meet afghanistan’s needs. however, this country did not pursue such an economical route due to its western tendencies and its foreign policies which were completely different with iran’s. ...

The effect of epinephrine on neutrophil (PMN) kinetics in rabbit lungs was evaluated by measuring the retention of radiolabeled PMN's in the lung, the exchange rate between the marginated and circulating pools of PMN's, and the erythrocyte (RBC) transit time. Epinephrine treatment decreased RBC transit times and increased exchange rates in the regions with the shortest transit times but did not...

Food consists of a complex group of substances that differ in chemical composition and physical structure. Collectively these substances form a matrix and it is the behaviour of this matrix which determines the digestibility, the rate and extent of nutrient release, from a food during normal gut transit. In the process of digestion both chemical and physical degradation of food occurs. Chemical...

Colon transit time study with radio opaque markers is a simple method for assessment of colon motility disorder in patients with chronic idiopathic constipation. We report a case of acute appendicitis that was induced by impaction of radio opaque markers after colon transit time study. We think that this case report is first significant complication of colon transit time study until now.

Quantifying changes in ammonia and ethanol in blood and body fluid assays in response to food is cumbersome. We used breath analysis of ammonia, ethanol, hydrogen (an accepted standard of gut transit) and acetone to investigate gastrointestinal physiology. In 30 healthy participants, we measured each metabolite serially over 6 h in control and high protein trials. Two-way repeated measures ANOV...

five warfare spinal cord injured patients with intractable constipation are described. treatment with cisapride (4 x 10 mg daily) was undertaken. the agent cisapride significantly reduced the oral-anal transit time from 25.2 days to 14.4 days. it also improved other subjective complaints of these patients markedly. no side effects were seen during the trial.

The cerebral microvasculature plays a vital role in adequately supplying blood to the brain. Determining the health of the cerebral microvasculature is important during pathological conditions, such as stroke and dementia. Recent studies have shown the complex relationship between cerebral metabolic rate and transit time distribution, the transit times of all the possible pathways available dep...

Background/Aims Human gut microbiota harbors numerous metabolic properties essential for the host's health. Increased intestinal transit time affects a part of the population and is notably observed with human aging, which also corresponds to modifications of the gut microbiota. Thus we tested the metabolic and compositional changes of a human gut microbiota induced by an increased transit time...

PURPOSE To determine the effect of sour flavor and cold temperature on oral transit time during swallowing. METHODS Participants were 52 subjects (28 male and 24 female) with ages between 50 and 80 years (median=66 years), after ischemic stroke involving right or left side damage and mild to moderate oropharyngeal dysphagia. Videofluoroscopy was performed to analyze the swallowing times. Each...

The objective of the present study was to evaluate associations between fiber intake, colonic transit time and stool frequency. Thirty-eight patients aged 4 to 14 years were submitted to alimentary evaluation and to measurement of colonic transit time. The median fiber intake of the total sample was age + 10.3 g/day. Only 18.4% of the subjects presented a daily dietary fiber intake below the le...