This paper addresses the role of dependency analysis in distributed management. It introduces the concept of dependency lifetime that traces the flow of dependency information from the design to installation to runtime stages of a service. Two categories of models, functional and structural, are used to represent this information as it flows from the design to the runtime stages. The paper desc...

Population data used in GIS analyses is generally assumed to be homogeneous and planar (i.e. census tracts, townships or prefectures) due to the public unavailability of building population data. However, information on building population is required for micro-spatial analysis for improved disaster management and emergency preparedness, public facility management for urban planning, consumer a...

Modernisation of municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) should be carried out, taking into account its impact on global warming, e.g., through carbon footprint (CF) analysis. An important sector in Poland is the dairy industry. In WWTPs, aerobic sewage sludge stabilisation applied thus far being replaced by anaerobic process. This change positive due to possibility energy ...

Hydropower accounts for about 16 % of the world’s electricity supply. It has been debated whether hydroelectric generation is merely an in-stream water user or whether it also consumes water. In this paper we provide scientific support for the argument that hydroelectric generation is in most cases a significant water consumer. The study assesses the blue water footprint of hydroelectricity – t...