A composite model for area-average Nusselt number for forced, laminar  ow parallel to a Ž nite, isothermal rectangular plate for a wide range of Reynolds numbers is proposed. The correlation equation is based on the superposition of the dimensionless shape factor and a modiŽ ed laminar  ow boundary-layer asymptote with an empirically determined interpolation parameter. The Nusselt and Reynold...

We report the spatiotemporal response of Bacillus subtilis growing on a nutrient-rich layer of agar to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Below a crossover temperature, the bacteria are confined to regions that are shielded from UV radiation. A forced convection of the population is effected by rotating a UV radiation shield relative to the Petri dish. The extinction speed at which the bacterial colon...

This study examines how thermal creep affects the mixed convection in a long horizontal parallel-plate microchannel under a pressure drop and a temperature rise. The analytical solutions of the fully developed thermal-flow fields and the corresponding characteristics are derived based on the Maxwell boundary conditions with thermal creep and presented for the physical properties of air at the s...

Simulations of bifurcated three-dimensional laminar forced convection in horizontal duct with plane symmetric sudden expansion are presented to illustrate the effects of flow bifurcations on temperature and heat transfer distributions. The stable bifurcated flow that develops in this symmetric geometry leads to non-symmetric temperature and heat transfer distributions in the transverse directio...

Cast aluminum alloys are usually subject to solution treatment, quenching, and aging hardening for improved mechanical properties. Cooling rate during quenching plays an important role in residual stress, distortion, and mechanical property distributions in the resultant cast aluminum components. As the cooling rates of work pieces heavily depend on the interfacial heat transfer coefficient (HT...

Three copper cylinders of diameter 1/4”, 3/8” and1/2” were heated and then immersed in an air stream flowing through a cylindrical pipe. The temperature change of the cylinders with respect to time was measured at different air flow rates. With this data, the Nusselt, Reynolds and Prandtl numbers were calculated and correlated. This correlation was compared to ones established by Sherwood-Pigfo...

As discussed in the previous lecture, we are interested in forcing fluid to flow in a fuel cell in order to increase the limiting current, and thus the power output of the device. The model problem considered has a steady uniform flow of fluid carrying the reactant at a constant concentration, c0, into a 2-D channel of height H. In this model we will assume that the fluid velocity profile acros...

Simulations of three-dimensional laminar forced convection in a plane symmetric sudden expansion are presented for Reynolds numbers where the flow is steady and symmetric. A swirling ‘‘jetlike’’ flow develops near the sidewalls in the separating shear layer, and its impingement on the stepped wall is responsible for the maximum that develops in the Nusselt number adjacent to the sidewalls and f...

The paper numerically presents laminar forced convection of a nanofluid flowing in a duct at microscale. Results were compared with both analytical and experimental data and observed good concordance with previous studies available in the literature. Influences of Brinkman and Reynolds number on thermal and hydrodynamic indexes have been investigated. For a given nanofluid, no change in efficie...

Theoretical and experimental investigations of forced convection heat transfer from a heated flat plate embedded in porous media with a constant heat flux had been carried out in the present work. The experimental investigation included a set of experiments carried out to study the effect of Reynolds number and heat flux on the temperature profile and local Nusselt number. The investigation cov...