Background: The main goal of this study is to determine the relationship between opium dependency and frequency of urolithiasis renal colics. Methods: In a cross sectional study we compared opium dependency in urolithiasis patients (case group) with non-urolithiasis patients (control group) and assessed urolithiasis related renal colics as risk factor to opium dependency prevalence. Dependency ...

Although habitually considered as a whole, xylogenesis is a complex process of division and maturation of a pool of cells where the relationship between the phenological phases generating such a growth pattern remains essentially unknown. This study investigated the causal relationships in cambium phenology of black spruce [Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP] monitored for 8 years on four sites of the b...

one of the indicators of management and sustainability control of forest resources is the definition deforestation and degradation types. these factors hazard quantitative and qualitative of the iranian forests. in this study with integrated approach, different forms of forest degradation identified in the forest areas with a reviews of library resources and then investigation the degree of sta...

The U.S. National Landcover Dataset (NLCD) and the U.S National Elevation Dataset (NED) (bare earth elevations) were used in an attempt to assess to what extent the directional and slope dependency of the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) finished digital elevation model is affected by landcover. Four landcover classes: forest, shrubs, grass and snow cover, were included in the study area...

Recently, these has been a surge on studying how to obtain partially annotated data for model supervision. However, there still lacks a systematic study on how to train statistical models with partial annotation (PA). Taking dependency parsing as our case study, this paper describes and compares two straightforward approaches for three mainstream dependency parsers. The first approach is previo...

This paper proposes a simple yet effective framework of soft cross-lingual syntax projection to transfer syntactic structures from source language to target language using monolingual treebanks and large-scale bilingual parallel text. Here, soft means that we only project reliable dependencies to compose high-quality target structures. The projected instances are then used as additional trainin...