Most HIV replication occurs in solid lymphoid tissue, which has prominent architecture at the histological level, which separates groups of productively infected CD4(+) cells. Nevertheless, current population models of HIV assume panmixis within lymphoid tissue. We present a simple "metapopulation" model of HIV replication, where the population of infected cells is comprised of a large number o...

Inherited factors contribute to the burden of prostate cancer, however the identification of susceptibility genes for prostate caner has been challenging. To establish the contribution of eight founder alleles in three DNA damage repair genes (BRCA1, CHEK2 and NBS1) to prostate cancer in Poland, and to measure the impact of these variants on survival among patients, 3750 men with prostate cance...

P230 Bcr/Abl has been associated with indolent myeloproliferative disease (MPD). We generated transgenic mice expressing P230Bcr/Abl driven by the promoter of the long terminal repeat of the murine stem cell virus of the MSCV neo P230 BCR/ABL vector. Two founder mice exhibited mild granulocytosis and marked thrombocytosis and developed MPD. The disease of one founder mouse, no. 13, progressed t...

B lymphocytes undergo affinity maturation of their antigen receptors within germinal centers. These anatomical structures develop in secondary lymphoid organs from the clonal expansion of a few antigen-specific founder B cells, whose isolation and characterization are reported here. Human germinal center founder cells express the naive B cell markers surface IgM and IgD as well as the germinal ...

Human population genomic studies have repeatedly observed a decrease in heterozygosity and an increase in linkage disequilibrium with geographic distance from Africa. While multiple demographic models can generate these patterns, many studies invoke the serial founder effect model, in which populations expand from a single origin and each new population's founders represent a subset of genetic ...

In the last few decades, we have developed a substantial body of knowledge about CEO succession. However, except for some studies of family businesses that lack direct applicability to nonfamily CEO succession, the past studies of succession have not examined the very first succession event in a firm, when the Founder-CEO is replaced, on a largescale basis. The critical differences between late...

In most dicot plants, lateral root (LR) formation, which is important for the construction of the plant root system, is initiated from coordinated asymmetric cell divisions (ACD) of the primed LR founder cells in the xylem pole pericycle (XPP) of the existing roots. In Arabidopsis thaliana, two AUXIN RESPONSE FACTORs (ARFs), ARF7 and ARF19, positively regulate LR formation through activation of...

Approximately 10% of all cancers are considered hereditary and are primarily caused by germline, high penetrance mutations in cancer predisposition genes. Although most cancer predisposition genes are considered molecularly heterogeneous, displaying hundreds of different disease-causing sequence alterations, founder mutations have been identified in certain populations. In some Latin American c...

We study the effects of diverse team composition on the survival and growth of new ventures using the Danish Linked Employer-Employee database. To get cleaner measures of diverse team composition, we focus on entrepreneurial dyads, and also investigate the asymmetric effects of team composition by distinguishing between the ‘primary’ and the ‘secondary’ founder. We complement existing work by s...

The human leukocyte integrin subunit CD11b is expressed predominantly on myelomonocytic cells. To identify CD11b promoter sequences important for myelomonocytic gene expression and to assess the utility of the CD11b promoter for expressing heterologous genes in vivo, we generated transgenic mice with a human CD4 reporter gene driven by CD11b promoter constructs composed of 1.5, 0.3, or 0.1 kb o...