Three-dimensional CT maximum intensity projection (MIP) can depict suture patency, extent of synostosis (ie, complete versus incomplete bone bridging), fracture extent and conspicuity, and 3D calvarial deformity as a single set of projections in children with suspected craniosynostosis or skull fracture. Three-dimensional CT MIP may provide, in only eight views, all the required information to ...

We give a precise mathematical formulation of a variational model for the irreversible quasi-static evolution of brittle fractures proposed by G.A. Francfort and J.-J. Marigo, and based on Griffith’s theory of crack growth. In the two-dimensional case we prove an existence result for the quasi-static evolution and show that the total energy is an absolutely continuous function of time, although...

In this work, we examine a numerical phase-field fracture framework in which the crack irreversibility constraint is treated with primal–dual active set method and linearization used degradation function to enhance stability. The first goal carefully derive from complementarity system our formulation, has been literature numerous studies, but for without its detailed mathematical derivation yet...

490 MRS BULLETIN/JULY 2002 nated by intergranular fracture, while in AJM it was in a manner resembling ductile behavior. Improved surface finishing by AJM resulted in a 15% improvement in flexural strength, compared with both ground and ground-plus-lapped samples. The researchers concluded that a higher compressive residual stress observed on the AJM-processed surface, combined with the smoothe...

Australia has a huge resource of hot dry rock, most of which is located in Central Australia. As a first step towards experimental field testing of HDR development in Australia, in-situ stresses and natural fractures in Central Australia are being characterised. Preliminary results indicate that three stress regimes may co-exist in Central Australia, with maximum horizontal in-situ stress being...

INTRODUCTION Osteoporotic hip fractures present a significant global challenge to patients, clinicians and healthcare systems. It is estimated that hip fracture accounts for 1.4% of total social and healthcare costs in the established market economies. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The World Hip Trauma Evaluation (WHiTE) was set up to measure outcome in a comprehensive cohort of UK patients with hip f...

Fracture Services A GREAT step forward was taken when fractures came to be regarded as the responsibility of orthopaedic surgeons, who set up fracture clinics and services throughout the country. Most fractures are closed and affect only one part of the body. The progress of the patient from arrival at hospital to final discharge is usually a leisurely one through the admission room, X-ray depa...

We study the propagation of brittle fractures coupled to large out-of-plane bending, as when a brittle elastic thin sheet is cut by a moving object. Taking into account the separation of the film's bending and stretching energies and using fracture theory we show that such cracks propagate according to a simple set of geometrical rules in the limit of small thickness. In particular, this provid...

Motivated by models of fracture mechanics, this paper is devoted to the analysis of a unilateral gradient flow of the Ambrosio-Tortorelli functional, where unilaterality comes from an irreversibility constraint on the fracture density. Solutions of such evolution are constructed by means of an implicit Euler scheme. An asymptotic analysis in the Mumford-Shah regime is then carried out. It shows...