The role of beta-sheets in the early stages of protein aggregation, specifically amyloid formation, remains unclear. Interpretations of kinetic data have led to a specific model for the role of beta-sheets in polyglutamine aggregation. According to this model, monomeric polyglutamine, which is intrinsically disordered, goes through a rare conversion into an ordered, metastable, beta-sheeted sta...

The seeds and one to three years old plants of Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) were analyzed for their free amino acid contents. The neuro-excitatory beta-ODAP (beta-N-oxalyl-L-alpha,beta-diaminopropionic acid), suggested to be the cause of the crippling neurolathyrism, was the major component in the seed extract (70% of the total free amino acids detected) and showed the highest conce...

Quantum Monte Carlo simulations of quantum many body systems are plagued by the Fermion sign problem. The computational complexity simulating Fermions scales exponentially in projection time $\beta$ and system size. problem is basis dependent an improved basis, for fixed errors, lead to quicker simulations. We show how use sign-free optimize over choice on large two-dimensional systems. numeric...