depth of frost penetration is one of the main indices in agriculture, civil and transportation engineering. soil temperature is a function of several factors including: topography, solar radiation, air temperature, moisture content and other physical properties of soil such as thermal capacity, coefficient of heat conductivity, and specific heat. the main objective of the present paper is to de...

Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. has been described as a freezing-tolerant species based on freezing-resistance assays. Nonetheless, this type of experiment does not discriminate between freezing-tolerance and freezing-avoidance mechanisms. The purpose of this paper was to determine which of these two freezing-resistance mechanisms is responsible for freezing resistance in A. thaliana. This was...

production of part-baked bread is a successful method to postpone bread staling that has been applied widely for production of loaves. in this research, production and some physical characteristics of part-baked flat bread (barbari) including hardness, volume, color, weight loss, and microstructure were studied during the storage of the samples at ambient (25ºc) and freezing (-18ºc) temperature...

The exposure of recycled concrete (RCA) to a sulphate environment in cold regions makes it crucial overcome the freeze–thaw cycling effects concrete. Based on steel and basalt fiber reinforced concrete, cycle resistance was studied by environment. mass loss, dynamic elastic modulus loss compressive strength specimens were through experiments. SEM techniques used explore effect distribution mech...

Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) plays many important physiological and ecological roles in macroalgae. The most common method to measure DMSP is by gas chromatography analysis of the dimethylsulfide (DMS) produced after NaOH hydrolysis (pH > 12). Storage DMS, however, not recommended for more than a week. We investigated if acidification can be suitable preserve macroalgal samples over three ...

We study the 1D contracting Stefan problem with two moving boundaries that describes the freezing of a supercooled liquid. The problem is borderline ill–posed with a density in excess of unity indicative of the dividing line. We show that if the initial density, ρ0(x) does not exceed one and is not too close to one in the vicinity of the boundaries, then there is a unique solution for all times...

The piezoelectric properties of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin films deposited on thick silicon substrates and thin silicon membranes were investigated using optical interferometry. The effect of the geometrical constraints and clamping effects on the piezoelectric response is discussed. The study of the dielectric permittivity and the loss as a function of the amplitude of the alternating ...

Freezing is a standard method to preserve perishable agricultural products such as fruits and vegetables, which increases off-season availability. Nevertheless, freezing of plant tissue with high water content causes cellular damage by the formation ice crystals. This leads drip loss decreased firmness, then reduces quality thawed product. To maximize cell survival for industrial processes, pro...

Climate change affects the dynamic changes of forest fire. This paper aims to analyze the influence of climate on forest fire in Hunan province by using multiple linear regression and correlation analysis. The results showed that the average affected area of forest and forest loss caused by forest fire showed a significant linear relationship with climate and could be expressed by multiple regr...