Biological antifreezes protect cold-water organisms from freezing. An example is the antifreeze proteins (AFP's) that attach to the surface of ice crystals and arrest growth. The mechanism for growth arrest has not been heretofore understood in a quantitative way. We present a complete theory based on a kinetic model. We use the "stones on a pillow" picture. Our theory of the suppression of the...

Knowledge of the road status and specifically knowledge of the freezing point of the road surface fluid is crucial in order to perform effective and environmentally safe road maintenance. Road status sensors installed in the road can be passive conductivity sensors or active freezing point sensors. In this paper the output from a passive and an active sensor has been studied when the sensors ha...

Kudoa septempunctata in olive flounder meat was inactivated using 3 distinct freezing methods：liquid freezing for 5 min, air blast freezing at －30℃ for 5 h, and －80℃ for 1 h. The fracture curve of olive flounder meat subjected to liquid freezing resembled that of meat stored at 4℃, indicating that the structure of olive flounder muscle was well preserved. In contrast, air blast freezing induced...

IN the course of work carried out in this laboratory on the constitution of complex mould metabolic products-many of which are polybasic acids, or otherwise highly oxygenated compounds, very sensitive to the action of heat or mild reagents-the need for a neutral, chemically inert, non-hydroxylic liquid of extensive solvent powers and of convenient freezing-point just below room temperature, has...

Ice-binding proteins (IBPs) assist in subzero tolerance of multiple cold-tolerant organisms: animals, plants, fungi, bacteria etc. IBPs include: (1) antifreeze proteins (AFPs) with high thermal hysteresis antifreeze activity; (2) low thermal hysteresis IBPs; and (3) ice-nucleating proteins (INPs). Several structurally different IBPs have evolved, even within related taxa. Proteins that produce ...

Density functional theory (DFT) has provided many insights into the freezing of simple fluids. Several analytical and numerical solution have shown that the DFT provides an accurate description of freezing of hard spheres and their mixtures. Compared to other techniques, numerical, grid-based algorithms for solving the DFT equations have more variational freedom and are capable of describing su...

in this research anxiety and depression and their association with 32 different factors in students of hamedan university of medical sciences were measured. levels of anxiety and depression were assessed by state-trait anxiety inventory (from 2, trait) and beck depression inventory. a questionnaire made of demographic data, educational and noneducational activities, the presence of medical or p...