Battery charge efficiency across a range of input powers is an important performance parameter in variable charging systems. Here we use equivalent circuit theory to model the inherent trade-off between battery charging power and energy stored and compare our model to the existing Ragone model for discharge power and energy. An additional parameter is included to account for undercharge and und...

High-energy electron cooling, presently considered as an essential tool for several applications in high-energy and nuclear physics, requires an accurate description of the friction force which ions experience by passing through an electron beam. Present low-energy electron coolers can be used for a detailed study of the friction force. In addition, parameters of a low-energy cooler can be chos...

Particle breakage is of fundamental importance for understanding the mechanical behaviour of sands and is relevant to many geotechnical engineering problems. In order to gain new insights into the mechanism of breakage of individual sand particles under single-particle compression, this study combines mechanical tests with three-dimensional X-ray micro-computed tomography (μCT) performed ‘in si...

– Dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) does not conserve energy and this precludes its use in the study of thermal processes in complex fluids. We present here a generalization of DPD that incorporates an internal energy and a temperature variable for each particle. The dissipation induced by the dissipative forces between particles is invested in raising the internal energy of the particles. Th...

Application of thermoplastic materials has increased dramatically in recent decades due to its recyclability, low density, resistance to chemical changes. The friction stir welding process is one of the new methods of solid state welding, which has recently undergone a significant improvement. In this research, using a new tool Made of plain carbon steel st37 in friction stir welding and low co...

Although division is less frequent than addition and multiplication, because of its longer latency it dissipates a substantial part of the energy in floating-point units. In this paper we explore the relation between the radix and the energy dissipated. Previous work has been done on radix-4 and radix-8 division. Here we extend this study to a radix16 scheme with two overlapped radix-4 stages a...

In this study, NiAl bronze (NAB) alloys are processed using an ultrasonic vibration-assisted milling (UVAM) surface engineering technique. The strengthening mechanisms at different cutting speeds analysed through well-established models and experiments. increase in speed produced decrements of 29.5%, 26.6%, 5.6% the friction torques, accumulated dissipated energy, worn area, respectively. micro...

In the high-speed collision between a baseball and bat, most of the initial center-of-mass kinetic energy is converted into compressional energy in the ball, and about 75% of that energy is dissipated. Some of the energy is stored in vibrational modes of the bat, particularly in the so-called “hoop modes”, the most important of which is a radial deformation with a quadrupole azimuthal dependenc...

The contribution to frictionFriction stemming from dissipation of plastic energy is studied by numerical simulations and experiments. geometrical setup consists a single model asperity, which first flattened against tool with grooves on smaller length scale. Relative, tangential sliding between the asperity induced subsequently until steady state reached. flank angle varied. Comparison experime...