Friction welding is widely used in various industries. In friction welding, heat is generated by conversion of mechanical energy into thermal energy at the interface the work pieces during pin rotation under pressure. A three-dimensional thermo mechanical simulation of friction stir welding (FSW) processes is carried out for Aluminium Alloys of 6061and 7050 where the simulation results are comp...

Different methods have been applied to refine various characteristics of the zone (or nugget) obtained by friction stir welding (FSW). In the current research, joining components are vibrated normal to the weld line during FSW to refine the zone microstructure. This process is described as friction stir vibration welding (FSVW). The effect of FSVW on mechanical properties, corrosion behavior, a...

INTRODUCTION Although interventions to control HIV among high-risk groups such as female sex workers (FSW) are highly recommended in Africa, the contents and efficacy of these interventions are unclear. We therefore designed a comprehensive dedicated intervention targeting young FSW and assessed its impact on HIV incidence in Burkina Faso. METHODS Between September 2009 and September 2011 we ...

BACKGROUND In 1997, a survey in Kisumu found a prevalence of HIV infection among female sex workers (FSW) of 75%. Only 50% reported using a condom with the last client. In 2008, we conducted another survey to collect data to inform an intervention targeting FSW in Kisumu. METHODS In 2008 FSW were recruited by respondent-driven sampling. Women completed a questionnaire and were tested for HIV ...

BACKGROUND Limited information on epidemiologic patterns of KSHV, with none focusing on heterosexual transmission, is available in mainland China. To clarify this, a cross-sectional study was conducted among a group of female sex workers (FSW) and general population women (GW) in Shanghai, China. METHODS An anonymous questionnaire interview was administrated among 600 FSW and 600 GW. Blood sa...

BACKGROUND Publications on Libya's HIV epidemic mostly examined the victims of the tragic nosocomial HIV outbreak in the 1990s and the related dispute about the detention of foreign medical workers. The dispute resolution in 2003 included an agreement with the European Union on humanitarian cooperation and the development of Libya's first National HIV Strategy. As part of this we conducted Liby...

BACKGROUND Worldwide, female sex workers (FSW) represent a vulnerable population for oral diseases due to many risk factors including HIV infection and drug abuse. In sub-Saharan Africa, little is known about the burden of oral diseases and their determinants in vulnerable populations. The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence and associated factors of oral diseases among FSW. METHO...

BACKGROUND HIV related stigma is a recognized barrier to early detection of HIV and causes great suffering for those affected. However, data regarding HIV related stigma among female sex workers (FSW) in China was limited, with none for comparison between FSW and general migrant women (GMW). Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine HIV related stigma among FSW and GMW in Shanghai, China....

Abstract This paper explicates the joining of AA 6061/TiO 2 composites by friction stir welding (FSW) process. FSW experiments were conducted as per three factors, three-level, central composite ivy– face-centered design method. Mathematical relationships between process parameters, namely tool geometry, speed, and rotational output responses such hardness, yield strength, ultimate tensile stre...

This study experimentally investigates the influence of adding SiC on microstructure and mechanical properties aluminium alloys welded joints. The particles have been directly added into a zone friction stir welding (FSW) to make (AA6061–AA2024) composites material. Results show that effect refines grain size in by preventing its growth during FSW process. has significant thermomechanical resul...