Cataract is one of the leading causes of blindness in the world's population. A method to evaluate blurriness for cataract diagnosis in retinal images with vitreous opacity is proposed in this paper. Three types of features are extracted, which include pixel number of visible structures, mean contrast between vessels and background, and local standard deviation. To avoid the wrong detection of ...

Objective: Spindle cell sarcomas constitute an important component of soft tissue sarcomas, where accurate grading is more important than histologic subtypes to plan treatment strategies and determine prognosis. To assess whether histologic criteria for grading sarcomas could be applied to fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) specimens of adult spindle cell sarcomas without knowledge of sarcoma...

BACKGROUND Clinical examination of trachoma is used to justify intervention in trachoma-endemic regions. Currently, field graders are certified by determining their concordance with experienced graders using the kappa statistic. Unfortunately, trachoma grading can be highly variable and there are cases where even expert graders disagree (borderline/marginal cases). Prior work has shown that inc...

MULTILOCULAR CYSTIC RENAL CLEAR CELL CARCINOMA CASE REPORT (Abstract): MCR CCC is a rare subtype of renal clear cell carcinoma with specific morphologic and immunohistochemical features. No progression of multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma is known. We present the case of a 56-year-old male, with an accidentally discovered renal tumor due to its unusual gross appearance and a rare clinica...

The shortage of donors in the face of the increasing number of patients wait-listed for renal transplantation has prompted several strategies including the use of kidneys with a tumor, whether found by chance on harvesting from a deceased donor or intentionally removed from a living donor and transplanted after excision of the lesion. Current evidence suggests that a solitary well-differentiate...

BACKGROUND The Spetzler-Martin arteriovenous malformation (AVM) grading system has proven to be useful in guiding treatment of cerebral AVMs with craniotomy. It is based on anatomical characteristics each of which makes surgical resection of an AVM more difficult, namely, deep venous drainage, eloquence of surrounding tissue, and large nidus size. A higher score correlates with more complicatio...

BACKGROUND Despite significant changes in the clinical and histologic diagnosis of prostate cancer, the Gleason grading system remains one of the most powerful prognostic predictors in prostate cancer. The correct diagnosis and grading of prostate cancer is crucial for a patient's prognosis and therapeutic options. However, this system has undergone significant revisions and continues to have d...

This paper analyzes optimal grading in a world that focuses on top grades. Students choose an effort level, their performance is graded, and their grade correlates with their future income. Ex-ante, the policy maker chooses the optimal coarseness of the grading scale to maximize student welfare. When choosing their effort, students overweight outstanding – or salient – grades. I show that this ...

As to the problem of inaccurate in traditional grade method of beef marbling, a automatic grading system based on computer vision had been founded and was used to predict the beef quality grade of Chinese yellow cattle. Image processing was used to automatically evaluate the beef marbling grade. Segmentation methods used in ribeye image of beef carcass was improved watershed algorithm. All grad...