We determine the geometric structures of the families of three variables cubic and quartic cyclic homogeneous inequalities of certain classes. These structures are determined by studying some real algebraic surfaces.

The first widely accepted proof of the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra was published by Gauß in 1799 in his Ph.D. thesis, although to current standards this proof has gaps. Argand gave a proof (with only small gaps) in 1814 which was based on a flawed proof of d’Alembert of 1746. Many more proofs followed, including three more proofs by Gauß. For a more about the history of the Fundamental Theor...

In this paper, we first give a description of a surjective unit-preserving real-linear uniform isometry $ T : A longrightarrow B$,  where $ A $ and $ B $ are complex function spaces on compact Hausdorff spaces $ X $ and $ Y $, respectively, whenever ${rm ER}left (A, Xright ) = {rm Ch}left (A, Xright )$ and ${rm ER}left (B, Yright ) = {rm Ch}left (B, Yright )$. Next, we give a description of $ T...

Let M⊂B(H) be a von Neumann algebra acting on the (separable) Hilbert space H. We first prove that M is finite if and only if, for every x∈M all vectors ξ,η∈H, coefficient function u↦⟨uxu∗ξ|η⟩ weakly almost periodic topological group UM of unitaries in (equipped with weak operator topology). The main device unique invariant mean C∗-algebra WAP(UM) functions UM. Next, we direct sum diffuse, abel...

A simple method for constructing collisions for Shpilrain’s polynomial-based hash function from ICISC 2006 is presented. The attack relies on elementary linear algebra and can be considered as practical: For the parameters suggested, we give a specific collision, computed by means of a computer algebra system.

In this paper we investigate some hereditary properties of amenability modulo an ideal of Banach algebras. We show that if $(e_alpha)_alpha$ is a bounded approximate identity modulo I of a Banach algebra A and X is a neo-unital modulo I, then $(e_alpha)_alpha$ is a bounded approximate identity for X. Moreover we show that amenability modulo an ideal of a Banach algebra A can be only considered ...

Let $mathfrak{L}$ be the Virasoro-like algebra and $mathfrak{g}$ itsderived algebra, respectively. We investigate the structure of the Lie triplederivation algebra of $mathfrak{L}$ and $mathfrak{g}$. We provethat they are both isomorphic to $mathfrak{L}$, which provides twoexamples of invariance under triple derivation.

We present some nonlinear characterizations of the automorphisms of the operator algebra B(H) and the function algebra C(X) by means of their spectrum preserving properties.

in this paper we investigate some hereditary properties of amenability modulo an ideal of banach algebras. we show that if (e) is a bounded approximate identity modulo i of a banach algebra a and x is a neo-unital modulo i, then (e) is a bounded approximate identity for x. moreover we show that amenability modulo an ideal of a banach algebra a can be only considered by the neo-unital modulo...