The homogeneity problem for testing if more than two different samples come from the same population is considered case of functional data. methodological results are motivated by study electronic devices fabricated materials and active layer thicknesses. In normality distribution stochastic processes associated with each sample, this known as Functional ANOVA reduced to test equality mean grou...

Shrub expansion has been reported mostly in dry and semi-arid ecosystems worldwide. is also a serious ecological issue alpine cold regions. Multiple drivers, including anthropogenic environmental factors, contribute to this phenomenon. However, the relative effects of climate soil factors on shrub are incompletely quantified or understood meadow, quantifying how these result variations function...