Human functional brain imaging detects blood flow changes that are thought to reflect the activity of neuronal populations and, thus, the responses of neurons that carry behaviourally relevant information. Since this relationship is poorly understood, we explored the link between the activity of single neurons and their neuronal population. The functional imaging results were in good agreement ...

We test whether coherent control methods based on ultrashort-pulse phase shaping can be applied when the laser light propagates through biological tissue. Our results demonstrate experimentally that the spectral-phase properties of shaped laser pulses optimized to achieve selective two-photon excitation survive as the laser pulses propagate through tissue. This observation is used to obtain fun...

Brain connectivity is often considered in terms of the communication between functionally distinct brain regions. Many studies have investigated the extent to which patterns of coupling strength between multiple neural populations relates to behaviour. For example, studies have used 'functional connectivity fingerprints' to characterise individuals' brain activity. Here, we investigate the exte...

The capacity to control emotion is important for human adaptation. Questions about the neural bases of emotion regulation have recently taken on new importance, as functional imaging studies in humans have permitted direct investigation of control strategies that draw upon higher cognitive processes difficult to study in nonhumans. Such studies have examined (1) controlling attention to, and (2...

Clinicians need to study the effects of new treatments: it is sometimes possible to detect and quantify those effects by looking at evolutions in the medical images of a patient over time especially in the case of multiple sclerosis (MS) where lesions are related to clinical signs [1]. Some methods allow to compare two images to know where there are differences, typically between the last and t...

This Research Topic featured 15 articles from a wide range of research areas related to human communication. All contributions focus on rhythmic brain activity as opposed to, for example, event related potentials or functional imaging approaches. Rhythmic brain activity has been shown to be of immense importance for the temporal coordination of neural activity and, consequently, for all aspects...

The locus coeruleus (LC), a specific brainstem structure containing noradrenergic neurons [1], has recently attracted much interest because the LC is involved in attention processes and attention modulations [2]. The accurate localisation of LC activity with functional imaging in group studies was questioned since the LC is anatomically difficult to localise on standard functional (EPI) or stru...

In this chapter, we outline a procedure to decode information from multivariate neural data. We assume that neural recordings have been made from a number of trials in which different conditions were present, and our procedure produces an estimate of how accurately we can predict the labels of these conditions in a new set of data. We call this estimate of future prediction the “decoding/readou...

Infrared Functional Imaging (IRFI) was used to detect sub-clinical varicocele. The evaluation of varicocele related hyperthermia and the different thermal properties of healthy and unhealthy testicles were used to detect the presence of the disease. A mild cold thermal stress performed on the scrotal region highlighted differences in the thermal recovery between the contralateral testicles and ...