This paper presents a review of the principal developments in functionally graded materials (FGMs) with an emphasis on the recent work published since 2000. Diverse areas relevant to various aspects of theory and applications of FGM are reflected in this paper. They include homogenization of particulate FGM, heat transfer issues, stress, stability and dynamic analyses, testing, manufacturing an...

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering; Graduate student, Professor and Professor, respectively, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616. 2 Assistant Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana IL 61801-2352. Abstract: This paper ...

A new class of hybrid/mixed finite elements, denoted “HMFEM-C”, has been developed for modeling magneto-electro-elastic (MEE) materials. These elements are based on assuming independent strain-fields, electric and magnetic fields, and collocating them with the strain-fields, electric and magnetic fields derived from the primal variables (mechanical displacements, electric and magnetic potential...

In this study, the finite element analysis of sigmoid functionally graded material (S-FGM) plates resting on orthotropic Pasternak elastic foundations with different angles is presented. For modelling, SAP2000 software package used in which required adjustments are made to obtain expected behaviour plate-foundation system. The plate modelled both using solid elements and layered shell by defini...

Analytical relations between the critical buckling load of a functionally graded material (FGM) Timoshenko beam and that of the corresponding homogeneous Euler–Bernoulli beam subjected to axial compressive load have been derived for clamped–clamped (C–C), simply supported–simply supported (S–S) and clamped–free (C–F) edges. However, no such relation is found for clamped–simply supported (C–S) b...

Time-dependent creep analysis is presented for the calculation of stresses and displacements of axisymmetric thick-walled cylindrical pressure vessels made of functionally graded material (FGM). For the purpose of time-dependent stress analysis in an FGM pressure vessel, material creep behavior and the solutions of the stresses at a time equal to zero (i.e. the initial stress state) are needed....

The present work aims at building an explicit solution with respect to Functionally Graded Material (FGM) parameter for plate structures. For that, the displacement field is written under a separated variables form: in-plane coordinates x,y, transverse coordinate z and material chosen beforehand. This choice yields non-linear problem that can be solved by iterative process based on classical fi...