Past work demonstrated how monochromatic visual stimuli could be faithfully encoded and decoded under Nyquist-type rate conditions. Color visual stimuli were then traditionally encoded and decoded in multiple separate monochromatic channels. The brain, however, appears to mix information about color channels at the earliest stages of the visual system, including the retina itself. If informatio...

Standardized in 1976 as a uniform color space, CIELAB is extensively utilized in color science and engineering applications. CIELAB provides both a color difference formula and correlates for common perceptual descriptors of color. Deficiencies in both areas are well-known, and based on these known limitations, numerous fixes have been developed yielding alternative color difference formulae th...

Steady state visual evoked potentials (SSVEP) are of the characteristics of high SNR and effectiveness in short-term identification of evoked responses. In most of the SSVEP experiments, single high frequency stimuli are used. To characterize the complex rhythms in SSVEP, a new multiple color stimulus pattern is proposed in this paper. FFT and bispectrum analysis methods are used to detect the ...

Color names divide the fine-grained gamut of color percepts into discrete categories. A categorical transition must occur somewhere between the initial encoding of the continuous spectrum of light by the cones and the verbal report of the name of a color stimulus. Here, we used a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) adaptation experiment to examine the representation of hue in the early...

Physiological studies of color have uncovered many puzzles. Here are four puzzles. First, neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN; Fig. 1) are strongly color opponent, but the opponency does not correspond to Hering's fundamental opponent-color pairs (red–green, blue–yellow) (Webster et al., 2000); moreover, the color-tuning of the population of LGN cells is not balanced across color spa...

We suggest a framework for predicting color appearance of image data. The image data are converted by a series of standardizing transformations into a simpler stimulus with the same color appearance. By working through these standardizing transformations, we can build color appearance models for images without abandoning—or repeating—much of the work that has gone into defining the visual prope...

When spatial attention is directed toward a particular stimulus, increased activity is commonly observed in corresponding locations of the visual cortex. Does this attentional increase in activity indicate improved processing of all features contained within the attended stimulus, or might spatial attention selectively enhance the features relevant to the observer's task? We used fMRI decoding ...

Test targets ('singletons') that displayed orientation, motion, luminance, or color contrast, or pairwise combinations of these, were presented in line texture arrays, and their saliences were quantified in comparison to reference targets at defined luminance levels. In general, saliency effects in different stimulus dimensions did add, but did not add linearly. That is, targets with feature co...